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How to tell Glistening inkcap from Funeral bell

Funeral bell is deadly poisonous
All about Glistening inkcap
All about Funeral bell

Glistening inkcap and Funeral bell look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Glistening inkcap is conditionally edible, while Funeral bell is deadly poisonous. The main visible difference: ring (veil): Glistening inkcap — no ring, Funeral bell — ring present, ring remnants. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap surface. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Glistening inkcapFuneral bell
Comparison of characteristics: Glistening inkcap and Funeral bell
Edibility classGlistening inkcap: Conditionally edibleFuneral bell: Deadly poisonous
SeasonGlistening inkcap: Spring, Summer, AutumnFuneral bell: Summer, Autumn, Winter
UseGlistening inkcap: Cook freshFuneral bell: Not eaten
Cap shapeGlistening inkcap: Conical, ConvexFuneral bell: Convex, Flat, Umbonate
Cap surfaceGlistening inkcap: Fibrous, ScalyFuneral bell: Smooth, Slimy
TasteGlistening inkcap: MildFuneral bell: Mealy taste
SmellGlistening inkcap: OdourlessFuneral bell: Floury, Odourless
Ring (veil)Glistening inkcap: No ringFuneral bell: Ring present, Ring remnants
SubstrateGlistening inkcap: Dead wood, On woodFuneral bell: Dead wood, On wood, Moss
Partner treesGlistening inkcap: Poplar, Willow, Maple, Linden, OakFuneral bell: Spruce, Pine, Fir, Beech, Birch, Aspen, Poplar, Hornbeam
Growth habitGlistening inkcap: In clusters from one baseFuneral bell: In groups, In clusters from one base, Solitary

Same in both: size, cap colour, flesh colour change, hymenophore, stem, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: August–December

Their seasons overlap: August–December. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: mixed forest, deciduous forest.

Glistening inkcap

Fruiting season

April – December

Funeral bell

Fruiting season

August – December

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Glistening inkcap

Young caps are egg-shaped, 1 to 2.5 cm, then bell-shaped and convex, 2 to 4 cm across, occasionally 5 cm; with age the margin splits and turns up. The colour is honey brown, ochre or russet, darker in the centre and paler at the edge, greying with age. The surface is grooved almost to the centre.

Young caps are covered in tiny white, glittering grains like sugar or mica. Rain and dew wash them off, so older caps are bare.

Funeral bell

The cap is small, 1.5 to 5 cm across and rarely up to 7 cm. It starts convex with an inrolled margin, then opens out almost flat, sometimes with a small bump in the middle.

The colour is honey yellow, ochre or tawny brown. The surface is smooth and slightly sticky in wet weather, and the margin is translucent, so you can see the lines of the gills through it. The cap is hygrophanous: it turns noticeably paler as it dries and is often two-toned. Sheathed woodtuft changes in exactly the same way, so cap colour won't separate them.

Hymenophore

Glistening inkcap

The gills are crowded, attached or free, white at first, then grey-brown, purplish brown and black. With age they blacken and partly dissolve, though less completely than in the common inkcap.

The spore print is black-brown to black.

Funeral bell

The gills are attached to the stem or run slightly down it, and they are crowded and narrow. Pale ochre or yellowish at first, they turn rusty brown as the spores ripen.

The spore print is rusty brown. That rules out honey fungus and velvet shank (white prints) and sulphur tuft and conifer tuft (purple-brown to almost black). It won't rule out sheathed woodtuft, though, whose print is the same colour. The spores are warty, roughly 8–10 × 5–6 µm, clearly larger and rougher than the smooth spores of woodtuft, but that only shows under a microscope.

Stem

Glistening inkcap

The stem is 3 to 8 cm tall, occasionally 10 cm, and 2 to 5 mm thick, white, silky, hollow and brittle, ochre or brownish at the base. Young stems show a fine down under a hand lens. There's no ring.

Funeral bell

The stem is slender, 2 to 7 cm long and 3 to 8 mm thick, even, and hollow with age. It is pale at the top and darkens to brown or reddish brown towards the base. Below the ring it is covered in pale silvery fibres running lengthwise, without the shaggy scales of sheathed woodtuft. White felty mycelium is visible at the base.

The ring is thin, membranous, whitish to yellowish, and soon turns brown from the spores. It's fragile: often all that's left is a brown band on the stem, and old specimens can lose it entirely. So a missing ring doesn't mean it isn't a funeral bell. There is no volva at the base.

Flesh

Glistening inkcap

The flesh is very thin, brittle and whitish.

Funeral bell

The flesh is thin, yellowish to watery brown and darker in the stem. It doesn't change colour when cut.

Smell

Glistening inkcap

The smell isn't distinctive.

Funeral bell

The smell is often mealy, like fresh flour, especially when the mushroom is crushed. It can also be very faint, so field guides don't treat smell as a reliable feature, and it won't tell a funeral bell from a woodtuft.

Related comparisons

Sources · 27

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