How to tell Liberty cap from Deadly webcap
Liberty cap and Deadly webcap look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Liberty cap is poisonous, while Deadly webcap is deadly poisonous. The main visible difference: ring (veil): Liberty cap — no ring, Deadly webcap — cobweb-like. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: flesh colour change, cap surface, smell. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Liberty cap | Deadly webcap |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Liberty cap: Poisonous | Deadly webcap: Deadly poisonous |
| Season | Liberty cap: Autumn | Deadly webcap: Summer, Autumn |
| Size | Liberty cap: Very small (<3 cm) | Deadly webcap: Medium (5–15 cm) |
| Cap colour | Liberty cap: Brown, Yellow, Olive | Deadly webcap: Orange, Rusty, Brown |
| Cap shape | Liberty cap: Conical | Deadly webcap: Conical, Convex, Umbonate |
| Cap surface | Liberty cap: Smooth | Deadly webcap: Fibrous, Dry |
| Smell | Liberty cap: Floury, Odourless | Deadly webcap: Radish-like |
| Flesh colour change | Liberty cap: Bluing | Deadly webcap: No change |
| Stem | Liberty cap: Central | Deadly webcap: Central, Solid |
| Ring (veil) | Liberty cap: No ring | Deadly webcap: Cobweb-like |
| Substrate | Liberty cap: Soil | Deadly webcap: Soil, Moss |
| Nutrition type | Liberty cap: Saprotroph | Deadly webcap: Mycorrhizal |
| Partner trees | Liberty cap: — | Deadly webcap: Spruce, Pine, Fir |
| Growth habit | Liberty cap: In groups | Deadly webcap: Solitary, In groups |
Same in both: use, taste, hymenophore.
DEADLY POISONOUS
Eating it can cause death. Do not pick it and do not taste it.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: August–November
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Liberty cap
The cap is small, 1-2.5 cm across, sharply conical or bell-shaped with a pronounced pointed knob in the centre, which gives it the epithet semilanceata ("half-lance-shaped"). The cap skin is smooth, slimy in wet weather, dry with lengthwise grooves in dry weather. The colour is ochre-cream; olive-brown with a greenish tint when wet, pale cream when dry. The pointed central knob is the most characteristic diagnostic feature.
Deadly webcap
The cap is 3 to 8 cm across. It starts conical or bell-shaped, then becomes convex and flattened, but keeps a bump in the middle. The bump is often pointed but can be blunt, so it isn't a reliable feature.
The colour is tawny orange, fox brown or reddish brown. The surface is dry, finely felty and fibrous, sometimes finely scaly towards the margin.
Hymenophore
Liberty cap
The gills are attached to the stem and moderately crowded. In young mushrooms they're greyish-cream, darkening to purplish-blackish as the spores mature. The spore print is dark purple-black, a diagnostic feature of the genus Psilocybe.
Deadly webcap
The gills are true, thin and broad, fairly widely spaced and attached to the stem. In young specimens they're ochre to cinnamon-orange and hidden by a cobweb-like veil stretching from the cap edge to the stem. As the spores ripen, the gills turn rusty brown.
The spore print is rusty brown. Those true gills are what separate it from chanterelles, which have only thick, forked ridges underneath.
Stem
Liberty cap
The stem is 5-10 cm tall and 0.15-0.3 cm thick, so very long and thin, often curved. The colour is yellow-cream to light brown, and the surface is smooth with fine lengthwise fibres. There is no ring, and this is essential. It often turns blue when damaged, a characteristic psilocybin reaction and one of the diagnostic tests.
Deadly webcap
The stem is 5 to 12 cm tall and 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, slightly thickened or tapering at the base. It's the same colour as the cap or paler, with a fibrous surface.
The key feature is yellow to golden bands or a zigzag pattern left by the veil, clearest on young specimens. On old ones they can almost disappear.
Flesh
Liberty cap
The flesh is very thin, soft, yellowish to greenish. It quickly turns blue to blue-green when cut or damaged, a characteristic reaction of psilocybin alkaloids on contact with air. The smell is faint, mealy in some populations.
Deadly webcap
The flesh is yellowish to orange-yellow, rusty brown at the stem base, and doesn't change colour when cut.
Smell
Liberty cap
Faint, neutral or mealy, nothing distinctive. The smell is not a warning sign.
Deadly webcap
The smell is faint and slightly radish-like. It won't help you identify it. Never taste it, not even a small piece: the toxin works in small amounts.
Related comparisons
Sources · 35
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