How to tell Stumpy milkcap from Fenugreek milk cap
Stumpy milkcap and Fenugreek milk cap look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Stumpy milkcap is conditionally edible, while Fenugreek milk cap is poisonous. The main visible difference: smell: Stumpy milkcap — fruity, Fenugreek milk cap — pleasant. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Stumpy milkcap | Fenugreek milk cap |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Stumpy milkcap: Conditionally edible | Fenugreek milk cap: Poisonous |
| Use | Stumpy milkcap: Salting, Pickling | Fenugreek milk cap: Not eaten |
| Size | Stumpy milkcap: Medium (5–15 cm) | Fenugreek milk cap: Large (over 15 cm) |
| Cap colour | Stumpy milkcap: Grey, Violet, Pink, Brown | Fenugreek milk cap: Brown, Cream, Orange |
| Cap shape | Stumpy milkcap: Convex, Depressed, Funnel-shaped, Irregular | Fenugreek milk cap: Depressed |
| Cap surface | Stumpy milkcap: Smooth, Dry | Fenugreek milk cap: Smooth |
| Taste | Stumpy milkcap: Acrid, Bitter | Fenugreek milk cap: Bitter |
| Smell | Stumpy milkcap: Fruity | Fenugreek milk cap: Pleasant |
| Stem | Stumpy milkcap: Central, Solid, Hollow | Fenugreek milk cap: Central |
| Partner trees | Stumpy milkcap: Birch, Spruce, Pine, Aspen | Fenugreek milk cap: Pine, Birch, Spruce |
| Growth habit | Stumpy milkcap: In groups, Solitary | Fenugreek milk cap: In groups |
Same in both: season, flesh colour change, hymenophore, substrate, nutrition type.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
Mildly poisonous (category: irritant + suspected muscarinic). The toxins aren’t fully understood: the main suspect is a substance with muscarine-like action, plus a group of sesquiterpene irritants. Unlike the death cap or webcaps, it causes no kidney or liver damage. The symptoms are gastroenteritis that develops 3–8 hours after the meal: nausea, heavy vomiting, abdominal pain, profuse diarrhoea, heavy sweating, watery eyes and sometimes brief pupil dilation. It lasts 12–48 hours. The toxins are heat-stable: ordinary boiling, salting and drying do NOT fully neutralise them. Poisonings have been described from the dried mushroom added to soup. Because of the severe dehydration, it is especially dangerous for children and older people. Treatment is symptomatic, with IV fluids in hospital if dehydration is severe. With marked cholinergic symptoms (sweating, salivation, bradycardia), atropine may be used, though this is rarely needed for this species. There is no specific antidote. All modern field guides are clear: do NOT collect it and do NOT use it as a seasoning.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: August–October
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Stumpy milkcap
The cap is 5–10 cm across, occasionally up to 15 cm. Young caps are convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten, sink in the centre and become funnel-shaped, sometimes with a small central bump. The margin is wavy, lobed and looks bent.
The colour is grey, leaden grey, lilac-grey, pinkish grey or brownish grey, turning ochre or beige in old specimens. Concentric zones are faint or absent, though darker rings sometimes show towards the margin. The surface is smooth, dry and matt, occasionally finely cracked. In the rain it gets slightly sticky, but it's never slimy.
Fenugreek milk cap
The cap is 6–15 (up to 20) cm across, which makes this a big milk cap. Convex at first, it flattens out with a sunken centre, often with a small umbo when mature. The colour is beige-brown, flesh-ochre or brownish grey, fading with age. The surface is dry, finely granular or mealy, with no distinct concentric zones.
Hymenophore
Stumpy milkcap
The gills are widely spaced for a milkcap, thick and brittle, attached or running slightly down the stem, often wavy and sometimes forked near the stem. They start cream or pale yellow and turn ochre with age.
Drops of white milk often bead along the gill edges. The spore print is cream to yellowish.
Fenugreek milk cap
The gills are crowded, narrow, adnate or slightly decurrent, pale cream to cream-ochre and darkening with age. When damaged they exude a small amount of watery, clear-white or whey-like milk — a distinctive feature of this species: the milk is neither thick nor abundant.
Stem
Stumpy milkcap
The stem is short and stout: 3–8 cm tall and 1–3 cm thick. It's cylindrical or tapers downwards, solid at first and hollow later, sometimes with lengthwise grooves.
It's the same colour as the cap or paler: whitish cream to lilac-grey, sometimes with ochre spots at the base. There is no ring and no volva.
Fenugreek milk cap
The stem is 5–10 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly tapering toward the base, and hollow in mature mushrooms. It’s the same colour as the cap or slightly paler: beige, flesh-coloured. The surface is dry and finely fibrous, with no ring and no volva.
Flesh
Stumpy milkcap
The flesh is white to cream, firm, thick in the cap, and doesn't change colour when cut. The milk is white, plentiful and stays white in the air. Both flesh and milk taste very hot and slightly bitter.
Fenugreek milk cap
The flesh is pale cream and watery, thin for such a large mushroom, and turns brittle as it dries. The milk is watery, whey-like and scanty, and does not change colour in the air. Cut flesh doesn’t noticeably darken.
Smell
Stumpy milkcap
The smell is faint, fruity and slightly sour. It lacks the strong lovage smell of the fenugreek milkcap and the coconut smell of the coconut milkcap.
Fenugreek milk cap
A very strong, distinctive smell of dry hay, chicory, burnt sugar or even maple syrup, especially pronounced as it dries. This is its most characteristic feature. Here’s the paradox: the smell is appealing, but it is a warning sign, not a sign of “edibility”. Raw, the flesh tastes bitterish with a faintly acrid aftertaste.
Related comparisons
Sources · 15
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [7]Wikipedia (English)
- [8]Википедия (ru): Серушка
- [9]Wikigrib: Серушка
- [10]Wikipedia (de): Verbogener Milchling
- [11]Wikipedia (fi): Nurmirousku
- [12]Wikipedia (pl): Mleczaj wygięty
- [13]Wikipedia (be): Шаруха
- [14]BioImages: Lactarius flexuosus (Stumpy Milkcap)
- [15]University of Helsinki, Pinkka: Kauppasienet ja myrkkysienet