How to tell Tacked milk cap from Fenugreek milk cap
Tacked milk cap and Fenugreek milk cap look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Tacked milk cap is conditionally edible, while Fenugreek milk cap is poisonous. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Tacked milk cap — yellowing, Fenugreek milk cap — no change. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: smell. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Tacked milk cap | Fenugreek milk cap |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Tacked milk cap: Conditionally edible | Fenugreek milk cap: Poisonous |
| Use | Tacked milk cap: Salting, Pickling | Fenugreek milk cap: Not eaten |
| Size | Tacked milk cap: Medium (5–15 cm), Large (over 15 cm) | Fenugreek milk cap: Large (over 15 cm) |
| Cap colour | Tacked milk cap: Violet, Grey, Brown, Pale yellow | Fenugreek milk cap: Brown, Cream, Orange |
| Cap shape | Tacked milk cap: Convex, Flat, Depressed, Funnel-shaped | Fenugreek milk cap: Depressed |
| Cap surface | Tacked milk cap: Slimy, Smooth | Fenugreek milk cap: Smooth |
| Taste | Tacked milk cap: Acrid, Bitter | Fenugreek milk cap: Bitter |
| Smell | Tacked milk cap: Odourless | Fenugreek milk cap: Pleasant |
| Flesh colour change | Tacked milk cap: Yellowing | Fenugreek milk cap: No change |
| Stem | Tacked milk cap: Central, Hollow | Fenugreek milk cap: Central |
| Growth habit | Tacked milk cap: In groups, Solitary | Fenugreek milk cap: In groups |
Same in both: season, hymenophore, substrate, nutrition type, partner trees.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
Mildly poisonous (category: irritant + suspected muscarinic). The toxins aren’t fully understood: the main suspect is a substance with muscarine-like action, plus a group of sesquiterpene irritants. Unlike the death cap or webcaps, it causes no kidney or liver damage. The symptoms are gastroenteritis that develops 3–8 hours after the meal: nausea, heavy vomiting, abdominal pain, profuse diarrhoea, heavy sweating, watery eyes and sometimes brief pupil dilation. It lasts 12–48 hours. The toxins are heat-stable: ordinary boiling, salting and drying do NOT fully neutralise them. Poisonings have been described from the dried mushroom added to soup. Because of the severe dehydration, it is especially dangerous for children and older people. Treatment is symptomatic, with IV fluids in hospital if dehydration is severe. With marked cholinergic symptoms (sweating, salivation, bradycardia), atropine may be used, though this is rarely needed for this species. There is no specific antidote. All modern field guides are clear: do NOT collect it and do NOT use it as a seasoning.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: August–October
Their seasons overlap: August–October. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: conifer forest, mixed forest.
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Tacked milk cap
The cap is 5–15 cm across, occasionally bigger, and fleshy. Young caps are convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten and sink in the centre, and old ones become shallow funnels with a wavy edge.
The colour is lead grey with a lilac or violet tinge, sometimes with darker spots when young. With age it fades to yellowish, flesh pink or brownish. Concentric zones are faint or absent. In wet weather the surface is very slimy; in dry weather it's smooth and shiny.
Fenugreek milk cap
The cap is 6–15 (up to 20) cm across, which makes this a big milk cap. Convex at first, it flattens out with a sunken centre, often with a small umbo when mature. The colour is beige-brown, flesh-ochre or brownish grey, fading with age. The surface is dry, finely granular or mealy, with no distinct concentric zones.
Hymenophore
Tacked milk cap
The gills are crowded and thin, attached to the stem or running slightly down it. They're whitish at first, then cream and ochre, and old ones can show rusty spots.
Milk drying on the gills leaves grey-green or bluish-green marks, one of the best clues to this species. The spore print is cream to yellowish.
Fenugreek milk cap
The gills are crowded, narrow, adnate or slightly decurrent, pale cream to cream-ochre and darkening with age. When damaged they exude a small amount of watery, clear-white or whey-like milk — a distinctive feature of this species: the milk is neither thick nor abundant.
Stem
Tacked milk cap
The stem is 4–8 cm tall, up to 12 cm in big specimens, and 2–3 cm thick. It's cylindrical or slightly thicker towards the base, slimy, and the same colour as the cap or paler, with a yellowish tint.
It becomes hollow with age. There is no ring and no volva.
Fenugreek milk cap
The stem is 5–10 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly tapering toward the base, and hollow in mature mushrooms. It’s the same colour as the cap or slightly paler: beige, flesh-coloured. The surface is dry and finely fibrous, with no ring and no volva.
Flesh
Tacked milk cap
The flesh is white to creamy, brittle and almost cheese-like. Broken flesh oozes plenty of white milk that slowly turns yellow in the air and then dries to grey-green granules. The milk tastes mild at first, then very acrid and bitter.
Fenugreek milk cap
The flesh is pale cream and watery, thin for such a large mushroom, and turns brittle as it dries. The milk is watery, whey-like and scanty, and does not change colour in the air. Cut flesh doesn’t noticeably darken.
Smell
Tacked milk cap
The smell is faint, and in many specimens barely noticeable; some people pick up slightly fruity or herby notes. That sets it apart from the fenugreek milk cap, which smells strongly of hay and burnt sugar as it dries.
Fenugreek milk cap
A very strong, distinctive smell of dry hay, chicory, burnt sugar or even maple syrup, especially pronounced as it dries. This is its most characteristic feature. Here’s the paradox: the smell is appealing, but it is a warning sign, not a sign of “edibility”. Raw, the flesh tastes bitterish with a faintly acrid aftertaste.
Related comparisons
Sources · 12
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [7]Wikipedia (English)
- [8]Википедия (русская)
- [9]Wikigrib: Млечник обыкновенный
- [10]Wikipedia (de): Nordischer Milchling
- [11]Svampguiden: Tacked milkcap (Lactarius trivialis)
- [12]Marttaliitto: Northern milkcaps