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Frayed parasol or Vittadini's lepidella

Frayed parasol and Vittadini's lepidella are similar species: Frayed parasol is edible, while Vittadini's lepidella is inedible. The main visible difference: stem: Frayed parasol — bulbous, Vittadini's lepidella — central, solid. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap shape.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Frayed parasolVittadini's lepidella
Comparison of characteristics: Frayed parasol and Vittadini's lepidella
Edibility classFrayed parasol: EdibleVittadini's lepidella: Inedible
SeasonFrayed parasol: Summer, AutumnVittadini's lepidella: Spring, Summer, Autumn
UseFrayed parasol: Cook fresh, DryingVittadini's lepidella: Not eaten
SizeFrayed parasol: Medium (5–15 cm)Vittadini's lepidella: Medium (5–15 cm), Large (over 15 cm)
Cap colourFrayed parasol: White, Cream, BrownVittadini's lepidella: White, Cream
Cap shapeFrayed parasol: UmbonateVittadini's lepidella: Convex, Flat
Cap surfaceFrayed parasol: ScalyVittadini's lepidella: Scaly, Dry
TasteFrayed parasol: MildVittadini's lepidella: Mild, Sweet
SmellFrayed parasol: PleasantVittadini's lepidella: Pleasant, Pleasant, mushroomy
Flesh colour changeFrayed parasol: No changeVittadini's lepidella: No change, Yellowing
StemFrayed parasol: BulbousVittadini's lepidella: Central, Solid
VolvaFrayed parasol: No volvaVittadini's lepidella: No volva, Volva present
Growth habitFrayed parasol: In groups, SolitaryVittadini's lepidella: Solitary, In groups, In rings

Same in both: hymenophore, ring (veil), substrate, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: July–November

Their seasons overlap: July–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: meadow, field.

Frayed parasol

Fruiting season

July – November

Vittadini's lepidella

Fruiting season

April – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Frayed parasol

The cap is 6–10 cm (sometimes up to 15), hemispherical when young, then flattening to plano-convex with a small bump in the centre. It's creamy white with an ochre or yellowish-brown centre, and covered with small, flaky scales that look like peeling varnish. The edge often has a thin "fringe" of veil remnants.

Vittadini's lepidella

The cap is 7–15 cm across, sometimes up to 18. Young caps are globular or hemispherical, then convex and finally almost flat. The colour is white, cream or ivory, turning ochre with age. The skin is dry and peels easily.

The whole cap is covered in remnants of the universal veil: dense warts, thickest in the centre, and scales that overlap like tiles towards the edge. On young caps the warts are pointed and pyramid-shaped; on older ones they're flatter and cream-yellow or greyish ochre. The edge overhangs the gills and carries hanging scraps of veil; it isn't grooved.

Hymenophore

Frayed parasol

The gills are free, creamy white and crowded, turning slightly yellowish in mature mushrooms. The spore print is white or pale cream.

Vittadini's lepidella

The gills are free, not reaching the stem, crowded and broad, with short gills in between. They start white and become cream, sometimes with a greyish or greenish tint, but they never turn pink or brown like a field mushroom's.

The spore print is white to cream. Under the microscope the spores are amyloid, turning blue-black in iodine.

Stem

Frayed parasol

The stem is 8–15 cm tall and 0.8–1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, with a bulbous base. It's smooth and white with a creamy yellowish tint. Near the top there's a white membranous ring, which often falls away in old mushrooms. The lower stem sometimes has a faint scaly pattern.

Vittadini's lepidella

The stem is 8–16 cm tall, sometimes 20, and 1.5–3 cm thick, white, cylindrical, slightly narrower at the top, firm and solid. It's smooth above the ring, and below it, right from the base, it's covered in bands of pointed, upturned scales. The scales go brownish with age and handling.

The ring sits high, just under the cap. It's broad, membranous, double and white, with no grooves: smooth on top and fluffy underneath. It may yellow slightly when touched.

The base roots into the soil. There's no sack-like volva of the kind a death cap has: the veil leaves only scales like those on the stem, and they're visible only on young mushrooms.

Flesh

Frayed parasol

The flesh is white, firm in the cap and fibrous in the stem, and does NOT change colour when cut. Its texture is uneven: softer in the cap, tougher in the stem.

Vittadini's lepidella

The flesh is white, thick and firm. It hardly changes when cut, apart from yellowing slightly at the stem base. The taste is mild and sweetish.

Smell

Frayed parasol

The smell is pleasant and faintly nutty, reminiscent of hazelnut or grain. The taste is mild and sweetish.

Vittadini's lepidella

The smell is faint and pleasant; Italian mycologists liken it to clean laundry. It almost disappears with age, and old specimens can smell unpleasant, with a garlicky note from the gills.

Related comparisons

Sources · 21

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
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  • [8]Википедия (русская)
  • [9]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
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  • [15]Беседіна І.С., Макаренко Я.М., Гелюта В.П. Гриби регіонального ландшафтного парку «Нижньоворсклянський». Чорноморський ботанічний журнал, 2025, 21(1): 41–64, Беседіна І.С., Макаренко Я.М., Гелюта В.П. (2025)
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  • [17]Вікіпедія (українська): Гриби Червоної книги України
  • [18]Wikipedia (en): Amanita verna
  • [19]Wikipedia (en): Amanita virosa
  • [20]Wikipedia (en): Leucocoprinus leucothites
  • [21]GBIF: Amanita vittadinii, знахідки в Україні