How to tell Grey spotted amanita from Panther cap
Grey spotted amanita and Panther cap look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Grey spotted amanita is inedible, while Panther cap is poisonous. Compare the colour and shape of the cap, the stem, the flesh and the smell, as well as the season and habitat — details in the table below. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Grey spotted amanita | Panther cap |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Grey spotted amanita: Inedible | Panther cap: Poisonous |
| Season | Grey spotted amanita: Spring, Summer, Autumn | Panther cap: Summer, Autumn |
| Size | Grey spotted amanita: Medium (5–15 cm), Large (over 15 cm) | Panther cap: Medium (5–15 cm) |
| Cap colour | Grey spotted amanita: Grey, Brown, Dark grey | Panther cap: Brown, Grey |
| Cap surface | Grey spotted amanita: Scaly, Slimy | Panther cap: Scaly |
| Taste | Grey spotted amanita: Mild | Panther cap: Neutral taste |
| Volva | Grey spotted amanita: Volva present, No volva | Panther cap: Volva present |
| Partner trees | Grey spotted amanita: Spruce, Beech, Fir, Pine, Oak | Panther cap: Oak, Beech |
Same in both: use, cap shape, smell, flesh colour change, hymenophore, stem, ring (veil), substrate, nutrition type, growth habit.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
The panthercap is poisonous, considerably more so than the fly agaric (Rubel and Arora, 2008). The active compounds are ibotenic acid and muscimol. Symptoms usually appear 1–3 hours after eating: confusion, delirium, hallucinations and, in severe cases, seizures. Loss of consciousness is noticeably more common after the panthercap than after the fly agaric (Vendramin and Brvar, 2014). Most people recover within 12–24 hours.
If someone has eaten it, call 112 (999 in the UK) straight away and keep any leftover mushrooms for the doctors.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: July–November
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Grey spotted amanita
The cap is 6–15 cm across, usually about 10. Young caps are hemispherical, then convex, and finally almost flat. The colour is grey-brown, from ash grey to hazel brown, darker in the centre. The surface is slightly sticky when wet and silky when dry.
It carries remnants of the universal veil: flat grey or dirty white patches and mealy flakes, not the pure white raised dots of the panther cap. They rub off with a finger and wash off in rain, so old caps can be almost bare. The edge is smooth, without grooves.
Panther cap
The cap is 5–12 cm across, spherical or bell-shaped when young, later flattened-convex. The surface is shiny, brown, grey-brown or olive-brown, dotted with small pure-white warts, usually spread fairly evenly; rain can wash them off.
Hymenophore
Grey spotted amanita
The gills are white, becoming cream or greyish white with age, and crowded, with short gills in between. They are free or only narrowly attached to the stem.
The spore print is white. Under the microscope the spores are amyloid, turning blue-black in iodine, while the panther cap's are not; that isn't something you can check in the wood.
Panther cap
The gills are free, white and crowded. They don't change colour when damaged, which sets them apart from a similar edible species, the blusher, whose flesh and gills turn pink.
Stem
Grey spotted amanita
The stem is 8–12 cm tall, sometimes 15, and 1.5–3 cm thick, white or pale grey, and stockier than the panther cap's. It is finely lined above the ring and covered in whitish flakes arranged in bands below it.
The ring is large, membranous, white or greyish, and hangs high, just under the cap. Its upper surface has fine grooves running towards the gills. The panther cap's ring is smooth and lower.
The base swells into a turnip-shaped bulb that merges gradually into the stem, with two or three faint belts of grey flakes. There is no loose sack like the death cap's and no sharp rim like the panther cap's. You'll only see this if you dig the mushroom out rather than cutting it.
Panther cap
The stem is 6–12 cm tall, white and smooth, with a thin membranous ring in the upper part. At the base is a bulb with veil remnants: not a free, sac-like volva but one or more white woolly rings, or a spiral, above a narrow gutter on the bulb. This rimmed bulb distinguishes it from the blusher.
Flesh
Grey spotted amanita
The flesh is white and firm, greyish just under the cap skin. It doesn't turn pink or red when cut, which separates it from the blusher. Some authors note that it darkens slightly on cutting. The taste is unremarkable and slightly sweet, turning radishy in older specimens.
Panther cap
The flesh is firm and white and doesn't turn pink when damaged (a critical feature that distinguishes it from the similar blusher). There's no distinctive taste.
Smell
Grey spotted amanita
The smell is faint, often with a note of radish or raw turnip, and some specimens hardly smell at all. Don't rely on smell: the panther cap's bruised flesh also smells faintly of radish.
Panther cap
The smell is faint, neutral or slightly unpleasant, subtly radish-like or earthy. It's neither sharp nor repulsive, so nothing warns you of the danger while foraging.
Related comparisons
Sources · 17
- [1]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [2]GBIF
- [3]Index Fungorum
- [4]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [5]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
- [6]Wikipedia (English)
- [7]Википедия (русская)
- [8]First Nature: Amanita excelsa var. spissa, Grey Spotted Amanita
- [9]First Nature: Amanita pantherina, Panthercap
- [10]first-nature: Amanita rubescens
- [11]first-nature: Amanita porphyria
- [12]Wild Food UK: Grey Spotted Amanita
- [13]Wikipedia (de): Grauer Wulstling
- [14]Wikipedia (en): Amanita excelsa var. spissa
- [15]IPCS INCHEM: Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina and others, Poisons Information Monograph G026
- [16]IPCS INCHEM: Amatoxins, Poisons Information Monograph
- [17]Seeger R., Kraus H., Wiedmann R. Zum Vorkommen von Hämolysinen in Pilzen der Gattung Amanita. Archiv für Toxikologie, 1973, 30(3): 215–226, Seeger R., Kraus H., Wiedmann R. (1973)