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Collared earthstar or Arched earthstar

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Collared earthstar and Arched earthstar are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap color: Collared earthstar — cream, brown, grey, Arched earthstar — brown, dark brown, grey. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: partner trees.

Collared earthstar (Geastrum triplex)

Collared earthstar

Geastrum triplex

InedibleExpert-verified
Arched earthstar (Geastrum fornicatum)

Arched earthstar

Geastrum fornicatum

InedibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Collared earthstar and Arched earthstar
Edibility class

Collared earthstar

Inedible

Arched earthstar

Inedible
Season

Collared earthstar

SummerAutumn

Arched earthstar

SummerAutumn
Use

Collared earthstar

Not eaten

Arched earthstar

Not eaten
Size

Collared earthstar

Medium (5–15 cm)

Arched earthstar

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Collared earthstar

CreamBrownGrey

Arched earthstar

BrownDark brownGrey
Cap shape

Collared earthstar

Irregular

Arched earthstar

Irregular
Cap surface

Collared earthstar

Smooth

Arched earthstar

Smooth
Taste

Collared earthstar

Unknown

Arched earthstar

Unknown
Smell

Collared earthstar

Odorless

Arched earthstar

Odorless
Flesh color change

Collared earthstar

Darkens

Arched earthstar

Darkens
Hymenophore

Collared earthstar

Chambered

Arched earthstar

Chambered
Stem

Collared earthstar

Absent

Arched earthstar

Absent
Ring (veil)

Collared earthstar

No ring

Arched earthstar

No ring
Volva

Collared earthstar

No volva

Arched earthstar

No volva
Substrate

Collared earthstar

Forest litterSoil

Arched earthstar

Forest litterSoil
Nutrition type

Collared earthstar

Saprotroph

Arched earthstar

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Collared earthstar

OakBeechHornbeamHazel

Arched earthstar

OakBeechHornbeam

📅 Seasonality

Collared earthstar

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Arched earthstar

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Collared earthstar

A young mushroom is a round or egg-shaped fruiting body 2-5 cm across, firm, creamy white or ocher-cream, sunk in the litter. When mature, the outer skin splits from the top into 4-8 petal-like rays and folds back, forming a star 5-12 cm across. The rays are fleshy, spread out in damp weather and curling inward in dry weather. In the center is a round spore sac 1-3 cm across, smooth, grayish brown or chocolate gray, with a small round pore on top for releasing spores.

Arched earthstar

The mature fruiting body has a distinctive shape "mushroom on stilts": the spore sac is raised 5-10 cm above the ground on the arched rays of the outer skin. The outer skin splits into 4 (rarely 5) large rays, which then bend downward and press into the ground, lifting the inner part up. The rays are leathery, dark brown or grayish brown, spread out in damp weather and tucked under in dry weather. Total height of the opened mushroom is 5-15 cm, width at the base 4-8 cm.

Hymenophore

Collared earthstar

The hymenophore is enclosed inside the spore sac (a gasteromycete). At first the flesh is white, soft. With age it turns grayish brown and becomes a powdery mass of spores. When mature, the spores escape through an apical pore — in the rain, drops hit the sac and puff out a cloud of spores.

Arched earthstar

The hymenophore is enclosed inside the spore sac (a gasteromycete). In a young mushroom the flesh is white, soft. With age it turns grayish brown and becomes a chocolate-brown powdery mass of spores. The spores escape through a small apical pore — as in all earthstars.

Stem

Collared earthstar

There is no stem in the usual sense. In the "star" part, the fleshy middle layer forms a distinctive collar or cup around the base of the spore sac. This collar is the diagnostic feature of G. triplex that sets it apart from other earthstars.

Arched earthstar

The spore sac has a distinct short "stalk" (pseudostem) about 1 cm tall, sitting on top of the arched rays. The sac itself is round or egg-shaped, 1-3 cm across, smooth, dark gray to chocolate brown.

Flesh

Collared earthstar

In a young fruiting body it is white, soft, with a layered structure. With age it shrinks, darkens and turns into a powdery mass of spores. It doesn't change color quickly when cut.

Arched earthstar

In a young, still-closed fruiting body the flesh is white, soft, with a layered structure. With age it darkens to grayish brown and turns into a powdery mass of spores. It doesn't change color quickly when cut.

Smell

Collared earthstar

Faint, earthy, neutral. Not pronounced. The taste isn't tested — the mushroom is not edible.

Arched earthstar

Faintly earthy, neutral. Not pronounced. The taste isn't tested — the mushroom is not edible.

📍 Habitats

Collared earthstar

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Arched earthstar

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Collared earthstar and Arched earthstar be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The cap color, partner trees help tell them apart.
How to tell Collared earthstar from Arched earthstar?
The main differences: cap color: Collared earthstar — cream, brown, grey, Arched earthstar — brown, dark brown, grey; partner trees: Collared earthstar — oak, beech, hornbeam, hazel, Arched earthstar — oak, beech, hornbeam. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Arched earthstar edible?
Arched earthstar — inedible.
When do Collared earthstar and Arched earthstar grow?
Collared earthstar — August–November; Arched earthstar — August–November. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine