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How to tell Ochre brittlegill from Jewelled amanita

Jewelled amanita is poisonous

Ochre brittlegill and Jewelled amanita look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Ochre brittlegill is conditionally edible, while Jewelled amanita is poisonous. The main visible difference: volva: Ochre brittlegill — no volva, Jewelled amanita — volva present. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: ring (veil), cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Ochre brittlegillJewelled amanita
Comparison of characteristics: Ochre brittlegill and Jewelled amanita
Edibility classOchre brittlegill: Conditionally edibleJewelled amanita: Poisonous
UseOchre brittlegill: Cook fresh, PicklingJewelled amanita: Not eaten
Cap colourOchre brittlegill: Yellow, OliveJewelled amanita: Yellow, Pale yellow, Cream
Cap shapeOchre brittlegill: DepressedJewelled amanita: Convex, Flat
Cap surfaceOchre brittlegill: SmoothJewelled amanita: Scaly, Smooth, Slimy
TasteOchre brittlegill: BitterJewelled amanita: Mild
SmellOchre brittlegill: OdourlessJewelled amanita: Odourless, Radish-like
StemOchre brittlegill: CentralJewelled amanita: Central, Bulbous
Ring (veil)Ochre brittlegill: No ringJewelled amanita: Ring present, Ring remnants
VolvaOchre brittlegill: No volvaJewelled amanita: Volva present
SubstrateOchre brittlegill: SoilJewelled amanita: Soil, Conifer needle litter
Partner treesOchre brittlegill: Pine, Spruce, BeechJewelled amanita: Pine, Spruce, Oak, Beech, Birch
Growth habitOchre brittlegill: In groupsJewelled amanita: Solitary, In groups

Same in both: season, size, flesh colour change, hymenophore, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: August–November

Their seasons overlap: August–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: conifer forest, mixed forest, deciduous forest.

Ochre brittlegill

Fruiting season

August – November

Jewelled amanita

Fruiting season

June – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Ochre brittlegill

Cap 4-10 cm across, convex with an inrolled margin when young, becoming flattened with a slightly depressed centre with age. The cap skin is matte, slightly slimy in wet weather, and peels back about 1/3 of the way to the centre. Colour: ochre-yellow, mustard-yellow, greyish-yellow, deeper toward yellow-brown at the centre, paler toward the margin. Mature caps fade to pale cream, and their margin develops fine radial grooves.

Jewelled amanita

The cap is 4 to 10 cm across, occasionally up to 12 cm. It starts convex, almost bell-shaped, then opens out flat, sometimes with a slight dip in the middle.

The colour runs from pale straw to bright egg-yolk yellow, usually darker and more ochre in the centre, and older caps fade to cream. The surface is slightly sticky in wet weather. Flat white flakes, the remains of the universal veil, sit on top, thickest in the centre. They come off easily and rain washes them away, so a cap can be completely smooth. The margin of a mature cap is grooved, with short lines like the teeth of a comb.

Hymenophore

Ochre brittlegill

Gills attached or free, moderately crowded, thin, brittle. Colour: whitish at first, cream to pale ochre with age. Spore print pale cream to pale ochre.

Jewelled amanita

The gills are free or only just touch the stem, crowded, soft and white, and may turn slightly yellowish in old specimens.

The spore print is white. The spores are smooth and broadly ellipsoid, roughly 8–11 × 6.5–8.5 µm, but that only shows under a microscope.

Stem

Ochre brittlegill

Stem 4-7 cm tall, 1-2 cm thick, firm, cylindrical, hollow in old specimens. Colour: white to greyish-white, with faint greyish spots in old specimens. Surface smooth with lengthwise wrinkles. No ring.

Jewelled amanita

The stem is slender, 5 to 12 cm long and 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, white or pale yellowish, smooth or finely downy, and fragile.

The ring is thin and membranous, like a little skirt, and sits halfway down the stem or lower. It doesn't last: often all that's left is a faint mark, and old specimens may have no ring at all. So a missing ring doesn't mean it isn't an amanita.

At the bottom the stem has a small rounded bulb. The volva hugs it tightly and ends in a narrow free collar at the top, sometimes broken into one or two rings or flakes. It isn't a tall sack as in the grisettes, nor a large, abruptly cut-off bulb as in the false death cap. The bulb is often sunk in the soil, so the mushroom needs to be dug up.

Flesh

Ochre brittlegill

Flesh firm, brittle, white to cream. Does not change colour when cut, or slowly turns greyish. Smell faint, neutral, taste mild when young, often bitterish when mature.

Jewelled amanita

The flesh is white, sometimes slightly yellowish in the stem, thin, and doesn't change colour when cut.

Smell

Ochre brittlegill

Faint and neutral, with nothing distinctive.

Jewelled amanita

The smell is faint, hardly noticeable. Some authors mention a slight radish note, but most field guides say there's no distinctive smell. The only lookalike you can tell by smell is the false death cap, which smells of raw potato.

Related comparisons

Sources · 25

  • [1]Index Fungorum
  • [2]GBIF
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  • [4]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
  • [5]MushroomExpert.com, Michael Kuo
  • [6]Wikipedia (English)
  • [7]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [8]Википедия (русская)
  • [9]First Nature: Amanita citrina, False Deathcap
  • [10]First Nature: Amanita pantherina, Panthercap
  • [11]First Nature: Amanita crocea, Orange Grisette
  • [12]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
  • [13]IPCS INCHEM: Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina and others, Poisons Information Monograph G026
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  • [15]Vendramin A., Brvar M. Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina poisoning: two syndromes. Toxicon, 2014, 90: 269-272, Vendramin A., Brvar M. (2014)
  • [16]Sierralta A. et al. Mushroom poisoning in the IX region. Role of Amanita gemmata. Revista Médica de Chile, 1994, 122(7): 795-802, Sierralta A. et al. (1994)
  • [17]Duffy T.J. Toxic Fungi of Western North America (MykoWeb): isoxazole poisoning, Duffy T.J.
  • [18]First Nature: Amanita gemmata, Jewelled Amanita
  • [19]First Nature: Russula ochroleuca, Ochre Brittlegill
  • [20]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Amanita gemmata
  • [21]Wild Food UK: Jewelled Amanita
  • [22]Wikipedia (de): Narzissengelber Wulstling
  • [23]Wikipedia (en): Amanita muscaria
  • [24]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [25]MycoBank Database