How to tell Yellow swamp brittlegill from Jewelled amanita
Yellow swamp brittlegill and Jewelled amanita look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Yellow swamp brittlegill is edible, while Jewelled amanita is poisonous. The main visible difference: volva: Yellow swamp brittlegill — no volva, Jewelled amanita — volva present. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: ring (veil), flesh colour change, smell. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Yellow swamp brittlegill | Jewelled amanita |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Edible | Jewelled amanita: Poisonous |
| Use | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Cook fresh, Pickling, Drying | Jewelled amanita: Not eaten |
| Cap colour | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Yellow | Jewelled amanita: Yellow, Pale yellow, Cream |
| Cap shape | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Depressed | Jewelled amanita: Convex, Flat |
| Cap surface | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Smooth | Jewelled amanita: Scaly, Smooth, Slimy |
| Smell | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Pleasant | Jewelled amanita: Odourless, Radish-like |
| Flesh colour change | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Darkens | Jewelled amanita: No change |
| Stem | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Central | Jewelled amanita: Central, Bulbous |
| Ring (veil) | Yellow swamp brittlegill: No ring | Jewelled amanita: Ring present, Ring remnants |
| Volva | Yellow swamp brittlegill: No volva | Jewelled amanita: Volva present |
| Substrate | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Soil, Moss | Jewelled amanita: Soil, Conifer needle litter |
| Partner trees | Yellow swamp brittlegill: Birch, Spruce | Jewelled amanita: Pine, Spruce, Oak, Beech, Birch |
| Growth habit | Yellow swamp brittlegill: In groups | Jewelled amanita: Solitary, In groups |
Same in both: season, size, taste, hymenophore, nutrition type.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: July–October
Their seasons overlap: July–October. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: mixed forest, deciduous forest.
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Yellow swamp brittlegill
The cap is 5-10 cm across, convex with an inrolled margin when young, becoming flattened with a slightly depressed centre with age. The skin is smooth, slightly slimy in wet weather and dry and matte in dry weather, and peels easily 2/3 of the way to the centre. The colour is a rich lemon yellow or ochre-yellow, darker toward yellow-brown in the centre and paler toward the margin. There's no greyish tinge, which sets it apart from R. ochroleuca. Mature caps have fine radial grooves at the margin.
Jewelled amanita
The cap is 4 to 10 cm across, occasionally up to 12 cm. It starts convex, almost bell-shaped, then opens out flat, sometimes with a slight dip in the middle.
The colour runs from pale straw to bright egg-yolk yellow, usually darker and more ochre in the centre, and older caps fade to cream. The surface is slightly sticky in wet weather. Flat white flakes, the remains of the universal veil, sit on top, thickest in the centre. They come off easily and rain washes them away, so a cap can be completely smooth. The margin of a mature cap is grooved, with short lines like the teeth of a comb.
Hymenophore
Yellow swamp brittlegill
The gills are adnate or free, moderately crowded, thin and brittle, whitish at first, becoming ochre-cream to yellowish with age. Spore print yellow-ochre.
Jewelled amanita
The gills are free or only just touch the stem, crowded, soft and white, and may turn slightly yellowish in old specimens.
The spore print is white. The spores are smooth and broadly ellipsoid, roughly 8–11 × 6.5–8.5 µm, but that only shows under a microscope.
Stem
Yellow swamp brittlegill
The stem is 5-10 cm tall and 1-2 cm thick, firm and cylindrical, becoming hollow in old mushrooms. It's white to cream and quickly turns grey to grey-black when damaged, a characteristic reaction. The surface is smooth with lengthwise wrinkles, and there's no ring.
Jewelled amanita
The stem is slender, 5 to 12 cm long and 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, white or pale yellowish, smooth or finely downy, and fragile.
The ring is thin and membranous, like a little skirt, and sits halfway down the stem or lower. It doesn't last: often all that's left is a faint mark, and old specimens may have no ring at all. So a missing ring doesn't mean it isn't an amanita.
At the bottom the stem has a small rounded bulb. The volva hugs it tightly and ends in a narrow free collar at the top, sometimes broken into one or two rings or flakes. It isn't a tall sack as in the grisettes, nor a large, abruptly cut-off bulb as in the false death cap. The bulb is often sunk in the soil, so the mushroom needs to be dug up.
Flesh
Yellow swamp brittlegill
The flesh is firm, brittle and white and quickly turns grey to grey-black when cut, a reaction typical of the species (especially in the stem). The smell is faint, pleasant and fruity; the taste is mild, sweetish and not bitter.
Jewelled amanita
The flesh is white, sometimes slightly yellowish in the stem, thin, and doesn't change colour when cut.
Smell
Yellow swamp brittlegill
Faint, pleasant, fruity, neutral-sweetish.
Jewelled amanita
The smell is faint, hardly noticeable. Some authors mention a slight radish note, but most field guides say there's no distinctive smell. The only lookalike you can tell by smell is the false death cap, which smells of raw potato.
Related comparisons
Sources · 25
- [1]Index Fungorum
- [2]GBIF
- [3]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [4]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
- [5]MushroomExpert.com, Michael Kuo
- [6]Wikipedia (English)
- [7]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [8]Википедия (русская)
- [9]First Nature: Amanita citrina, False Deathcap
- [10]First Nature: Amanita pantherina, Panthercap
- [11]First Nature: Amanita crocea, Orange Grisette
- [12]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
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- [14]Moss M.J., Hendrickson R.G. Toxicity of muscimol and ibotenic acid containing mushrooms reported to a regional poison control center from 2002-2016. Clinical Toxicology, 2019, 57(2): 99-103, Moss M.J., Hendrickson R.G. (2019)
- [15]Vendramin A., Brvar M. Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina poisoning: two syndromes. Toxicon, 2014, 90: 269-272, Vendramin A., Brvar M. (2014)
- [16]Sierralta A. et al. Mushroom poisoning in the IX region. Role of Amanita gemmata. Revista Médica de Chile, 1994, 122(7): 795-802, Sierralta A. et al. (1994)
- [17]Duffy T.J. Toxic Fungi of Western North America (MykoWeb): isoxazole poisoning, Duffy T.J.
- [18]First Nature: Amanita gemmata, Jewelled Amanita
- [19]First Nature: Russula ochroleuca, Ochre Brittlegill
- [20]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Amanita gemmata
- [21]Wild Food UK: Jewelled Amanita
- [22]Wikipedia (de): Narzissengelber Wulstling
- [23]Wikipedia (en): Amanita muscaria
- [24]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [25]MycoBank Database