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Cap color

Green

Greencracked brittlegill (Russula virescens)

A green cap is not as common in mushrooms as brown or red. Usually it is not a bright grassy green (mushrooms have no chlorophyll) but specific shades: olive-green, grey-green, verdigris-green or emerald. The green cap is at the center of the most tragic mistakes in mycology.

3 species in the database.

The chief killer with a green cap

When it comes to a green cap, the first thing every forager should think of is the death cap (Amanita phalloides).

According to descriptions by M.Ya. Zerova and David Arora, the classic death cap has a cap ranging from pale green to olive-green (sometimes with a silky sheen or darker innate fibrils). It contains deadly amatoxins. The tragedy is that its green cap makes it incredibly similar to a popular edible mushroom — the green brittlegill.

Edible green mushrooms

Roger Phillips lists edible mushrooms that have green pigments, but only very experienced mycologists should pick them:

1. Green brittlegill (Russula aeruginea) and greencracked brittlegill (Russula virescens): Excellent, tasty mushrooms with a grey-green or grassy-green (cracked) cap. They have no ring on the stem and no volva (sac) at the base, which is the main and only reliable way to tell them apart from the death cap.

2. Yellow knight (Tricholoma equestre): Has a yellow-green cap that is often completely buried in the sand of pine forests.

3. Verdigris agaric (Stropharia aeruginosa): A very beautiful small mushroom with a bright emerald-green slimy cap covered in white flakes. It is considered conditionally edible but is rarely picked.

Questions and answers

How can you tell a green brittlegill from a death cap with 100% certainty?
The deciding feature is the structure of the stem. A brittlegill's stem is straight and smooth, without any membranes or skirts. A death cap always has a skirt-like ring under the cap and a bulky sac (volva) in the ground from which the stem grows. If you cut a death cap high above the ground, you will leave the volva in the soil and bring home deadly poison instead of a brittlegill. Always pull green mushrooms out whole, with the base, to check!
Why does the yellow knight grow only in sand?
The yellow knight forms a specific mycorrhiza mainly with pines on dry sandy soils. Its fruiting body is built so that it often develops almost entirely underground, with only the greenish cap peeking out, thickly covered with stuck-on sand.

Sources

  1. 1.Зерова М.Я. та ін. Визначник грибів України. 1979
  2. 2.Roger Phillips. Mushrooms (Roger Phillips)
  3. 3.David Arora. Mushrooms Demystified
  4. 4.Index Fungorum