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Blackening waxcap or Parrot waxcap

Blackening waxcap and Parrot waxcap are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Blackening waxcap — darkens, Parrot waxcap — no change. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap shape.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Blackening waxcapParrot waxcap
Comparison of characteristics: Blackening waxcap and Parrot waxcap
Edibility classBlackening waxcap: PoisonousParrot waxcap: Inedible
SizeBlackening waxcap: Small (up to 5 cm), Medium (5–15 cm)Parrot waxcap: Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap colourBlackening waxcap: Orange, Red, Yellow, BlackParrot waxcap: Green, Yellow, Orange, Pink
Cap shapeBlackening waxcap: ConicalParrot waxcap: Convex, Umbonate
SmellBlackening waxcap: OdourlessParrot waxcap: Odourless, Earthy
Flesh colour changeBlackening waxcap: DarkensParrot waxcap: No change
Growth habitBlackening waxcap: Solitary, In groupsParrot waxcap: In groups

Same in both: season, use, cap surface, taste, hymenophore, stem, substrate.

When and where they meet

Together: July–November

Their seasons overlap: July–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: meadow.

Blackening waxcap

Fruiting season

July – November

Parrot waxcap

Fruiting season

June – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Blackening waxcap

Cap 2-7 cm, cone-shaped or sharply pointed at first, later flattening into a broad cone with a sharp umbo. Bright orange or red-orange, sometimes with yellow tones. Surface moist and waxy, slimy in wet weather. Key feature: it turns black when damaged.

Parrot waxcap

The cap is 1.5 to 4 cm across, occasionally up to 5 cm. It starts bell-shaped or hemispherical, then becomes convex and flattened, often with a low, broad bump. The margin is finely lined when wet.

The surface is coated in thick, glossy slime. Young caps are bright or dark green; the green fades from the centre outwards, leaving the cap yellow, orange-yellow, pinkish or even greyish.

Hymenophore

Blackening waxcap

Gills widely spaced, waxy and free. Yellowish to orange at first, they turn black when damaged, and in old mushrooms they're completely black. Spore print white.

Parrot waxcap

The gills are thick, broad, waxy and widely spaced, narrowly attached to the stem. They're greenish near the stem and yellow towards the cap edge, losing the green with age.

The spore print is white.

Stem

Blackening waxcap

Stem 4-10 cm tall, 0.4-1 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, hollow, sometimes twisted. Orange-yellow to reddish, with lengthwise fibres. With damage and age it turns black all over. No ring.

Parrot waxcap

The stem is 2 to 7 cm tall and 3 to 8 mm thick, smooth and slimy, with no ring. It's green at the top and yellow to orange-yellow below. It yellows with age, but the green at the top persists even on old specimens, which makes it the best feature to check.

Flesh

Blackening waxcap

Flesh thin, brittle, yellowish. It turns black when cut or touched, the key diagnostic feature of the group (subgenus Pseudohygrocybe).

Parrot waxcap

The flesh is thin and whitish, sometimes with yellow or green spots.

Smell

Blackening waxcap

No distinctive smell, or faintly mushroomy. The taste is mild, but tasting it isn't a good idea.

Parrot waxcap

The smell is faint, sometimes earthy.

Related comparisons

Sources · 18

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [7]Wikipedia (English)
  • [8]Википедия (русская)
  • [9]First Nature: Gliophorus psittacinus, Parrot Waxcap
  • [10]Wild Food UK: Parrot Waxcap
  • [11]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Gliophorus psittacinus
  • [12]JNCC: Guidelines for the Selection of Biological SSSIs, Chapter 14 Non-lichenised fungi (Bosanquet et al. 2018), Bosanquet S. et al. (2018)
  • [13]Ainsworth A.M., Cannon P.F., Dentinger B.T.M. DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain. MycoKeys, 2013, 7: 45–62, Ainsworth A.M. et al. (2013)
  • [14]Halbwachs H. et al. Hyphae of waxcap fungi colonise plant roots. Fungal Ecology, 2013, 6(6): 487–492, Halbwachs H. et al. (2013)
  • [15]Gartz J. Nachweis von Tryptaminderivaten in Pilzen der Gattungen Gerronema, Hygrocybe, Psathyrella und Inocybe. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 1986, 181: 275–278, Gartz J. (1986)
  • [16]Chvikov V., Prylutskyi O. Annotated checklist of Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) of Ukraine. Biodiversity, Ecology and Experimental Biology, 2020, 22(2): 6–23, Chvikov V., Prylutskyi O. (2020)
  • [17]GBIF: знахідки Gliophorus psittacinus в Україні
  • [18]Wikigrib: Гигрофор попугай