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How to tell Dog stinkhorn from Destroying angel

Destroying angel is deadly poisonous

Dog stinkhorn and Destroying angel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Dog stinkhorn is inedible, while Destroying angel is deadly poisonous. Compare the colour and shape of the cap, the stem, the flesh and the smell, as well as the season and habitat — details in the table below. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Dog stinkhornDestroying angel
Comparison of characteristics: Dog stinkhorn and Destroying angel
Edibility classDog stinkhorn: InedibleDestroying angel: Deadly poisonous
ColourDog stinkhorn: Orange, White, Pale yellowDestroying angel: White, Cream
Cap shapeDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Convex, Umbonate
Cap surfaceDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Smooth
TasteDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Unknown
SmellDog stinkhorn: UnpleasantDestroying angel: Chemical, Unpleasant
HymenophoreDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Gilled
StemDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Bulbous
Ring (veil)Dog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Ring present
VolvaDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Volva present
SubstrateDog stinkhorn: Soil, Leaf litter, Dead woodDestroying angel: Soil
Nutrition typeDog stinkhorn: SaprotrophDestroying angel: Mycorrhizal
Partner treesDog stinkhorn: —Destroying angel: Spruce, Pine, Birch
Growth habitDog stinkhorn: In groupsDestroying angel: Solitary

Same in both: season, use, size, flesh colour change.

When and where they meet

Together: August–October

Their seasons overlap: August–October. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: conifer forest, mixed forest.

Dog stinkhorn

Fruiting season

June – October

Destroying angel

Fruiting season

August – October

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Dog stinkhorn

There's no separate cap. The top of the stem is pointed, orange-red and finely bumpy, and only the tip is covered in sticky, shiny dark olive slime that carries the spores. Once flies have eaten it, the tip shows bright orange.

Destroying angel

The cap is 5-12 cm across, egg-shaped when young, then bell-shaped or conical, often slightly lopsided, and finally spreading with a boss. It is entirely white or creamy white, slightly yellowish in the centre in old mushrooms. The surface is smooth and slightly sticky in wet weather. The mature cap has no scales, no warts and no veil remnants (unlike the fly agaric or Caesar's mushroom).

Hymenophore

Dog stinkhorn

There are no gills or pores: the spores are carried in the olive slime at the tip. There's no ordinary spore print; the spores are pale yellow in mass.

Destroying angel

The gills are white and free (not attached to the stem) and moderately crowded. The spore print is white. As in the rest of Amanita section Phalloideae, to which this species belongs, the gills stay white and free even in mature mushrooms, unlike those of Agaricus.

Stem

Dog stinkhorn

The stem is 6 to 15 cm tall and about 1 cm thick, cylindrical, hollow, spongy and pitted like expanded polystyrene, white, pale yellow or pale orange, often curved and fragile.

At the base the remains of the egg form a white sac (volva) with white mycelial cords. The young fungus looks like a white or yellowish egg 2 to 3 cm across, half buried in leaf litter.

Destroying angel

The stem is 8-15 cm tall and 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical, long and slender, with a sac-like volva at the base (a remnant of the universal veil that looks like an eggshell). It is entirely white. Near the top is a white membranous ring, firm in young mushrooms and sometimes gone in old ones. The stem surface often has thin white flaky scales and fibres.

Flesh

Dog stinkhorn

The stem walls are spongy like polystyrene, whitish to pale orange. Inside the egg, a layer of clear jelly lies under the skin.

Destroying angel

The flesh is firm and entirely white and doesn't change colour when cut, like many edible mushrooms, so that tells you nothing. The smell is like radish in a very young mushroom, then turns unpleasant and sickly sweet, sometimes with a hint of chlorine, hence the epithet "stinking" in its Ukrainian name. In young mushrooms the smell is still faint, so don't rely on it as the only sign.

Smell

Dog stinkhorn

The smell is unpleasant and carrion-like, but much weaker than the common stinkhorn's.

Destroying angel

Faint, unpleasant and sickly sweet, sometimes with a hint of chlorine, especially in old mushrooms and when the flesh is damaged. It tells you nothing about safety: the smell develops only with time, and a young mushroom with no distinct smell can still end up in the basket and cause fatal poisoning.

Related comparisons

Sources · 18

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [7]Species Fungorum
  • [8]Wikipedia (English)
  • [9]Википедия (русская)
  • [10]Червона книга України: Мутин собачий Mutinus caninus
  • [11]First Nature: Mutinus caninus, Dog Stinkhorn
  • [12]First Nature: Phallus impudicus, Stinkhorn
  • [13]Wild Food UK: Dog Stinkhorn
  • [14]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Stinkhorns
  • [15]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Mutinus ravenelii
  • [16]Wikipedia (de): Gemeine Hundsrute
  • [17]Wikigrib: Мутинус собачий
  • [18]GBIF: знахідки Mutinus caninus в Україні