Horse mushroom or Egghead mottlegill
Horse mushroom and Egghead mottlegill are similar species: Horse mushroom is edible, while Egghead mottlegill is inedible. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Horse mushroom — yellowing, Egghead mottlegill — no change. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap surface, smell, size.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Horse mushroom | Egghead mottlegill |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Horse mushroom: Edible | Egghead mottlegill: Inedible |
| Season | Horse mushroom: Summer, Autumn | Egghead mottlegill: Spring, Summer, Autumn |
| Use | Horse mushroom: Cook fresh, Drying, Pickling | Egghead mottlegill: Not eaten |
| Size | Horse mushroom: Large (over 15 cm) | Egghead mottlegill: Medium (5–15 cm) |
| Cap shape | Horse mushroom: Convex | Egghead mottlegill: Conical, Convex |
| Cap surface | Horse mushroom: Smooth | Egghead mottlegill: Slimy, Cracked |
| Taste | Horse mushroom: Mild | Egghead mottlegill: — |
| Smell | Horse mushroom: Pleasant, Anise, Almond | Egghead mottlegill: Odourless |
| Flesh colour change | Horse mushroom: Yellowing | Egghead mottlegill: No change |
| Stem | Horse mushroom: Central | Egghead mottlegill: Central, Hollow |
| Substrate | Horse mushroom: Soil, Dung | Egghead mottlegill: Dung |
| Growth habit | Horse mushroom: In rings, In groups | Egghead mottlegill: Solitary, In groups |
Same in both: cap colour, hymenophore, ring (veil), nutrition type.
When and where they meet
Together: June–October
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Horse mushroom
The cap is 6-20 cm across; in young mushrooms it's firmly hemispherical to egg-shaped, often with the margin rolled under, later becoming convex to flat. The colour is pure white to cream, with subtle yellowish tints in old mushrooms; it stains yellow to ochre when touched. The surface is smooth, slightly sticky in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather, sometimes with fine fibrous scales in the centre.
Egghead mottlegill
The cap is 2 to 6 cm across, sometimes up to 9 cm. It's egg-shaped when young, then like half an egg or a blunt cone, only rarely convex. The margin isn't lined; it overhangs the gills and sometimes carries scraps of veil.
It's whitish, cream or pale clay-coloured, darker in the centre, and fades with age. When wet it's sticky; when dry it's smooth and shiny, often wrinkled or cracked.
Hymenophore
Horse mushroom
The gills are free and crowded, greyish-white with a pinkish tinge when young, becoming dark brown to chocolate-blackish with age. The spore print is dark brown.
Egghead mottlegill
The gills are attached, crowded and broad. They start off whitish or greyish, become mottled with black patches and end up black, with whitish edges.
The spore print is black.
Stem
Horse mushroom
The stem is 6-12 cm tall and 1.5-3 cm thick, stout, fleshy and cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, and white to cream. Near the top is a large membranous double ring with a characteristic "toothed" lower edge (like a cogwheel), a key feature of the species.
Egghead mottlegill
The stem is 6 to 15 cm tall and 3 to 10 mm thick, long and slender compared with the cap, whitish or cap-coloured, paler and finely powdery at the top, slightly swollen at the base, brittle and hollow.
Above the middle there's a thin white ring that turns black on top from spores. It's fragile and can fall off, so look for it on young specimens.
Flesh
Horse mushroom
The flesh is firm, meaty and white; when cut, it slowly yellows in the cap and upper stem. It does not redden (unlike A. silvaticus). The smell is distinctly anise-almond, a characteristic feature of the species.
Egghead mottlegill
The flesh is thin, soft and whitish, pale yellowish and brittle in the stem, and doesn't change colour when cut.
Smell
Horse mushroom
Distinctly anise-almond and fruity, and this is the most telling feature. Rub the flesh between your fingers to bring it out. It's one of the most pleasant smells you'll come across while foraging.
Egghead mottlegill
The smell is indistinct.
Related comparisons
Sources · 21
- [1]Index Fungorum
- [2]Species Fungorum
- [3]GBIF
- [4]Wikipedia (English)
- [5]Википедия (русская)
- [6]First Nature: Panaeolus semiovatus, Egghead Mottlegill
- [7]First Nature: Protostropharia semiglobata, Dung Roundhead
- [8]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Panaeolus semiovatus
- [9]Wood M., Stevens F., MykoWeb California Fungi: Panaeolus semiovatus
- [10]Wikigrib: Панеолус полуяйцевидный
- [11]Stijve T. Een chemische verkenning van het geslacht Panaeolus. Coolia, 1985, 28(4): 81–89, Stijve T. (1985)
- [12]He et al. IMA Fungus, 2026, 17: e167329 (panaeoloid fungi, family Galeropsidaceae), He et al. (2026)
- [13]Strauss D. et al. Biodiversity, ethnomycology and psilocybin content of Panaeolus. Heliyon, 2023, 9: e16338, Strauss D. et al. (2023)
- [14]Prydiuk M.P. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2014, 71(1): 71–77 (Panaeolus in Ukraine), Prydiuk M.P. (2014)
- [15]Wikipedia (en): Conocybe rugosa
- [16]UK Drugs Act 2005, section 21 (fungi containing psilocin)
- [17]GBIF: знахідки Panaeolus semiovatus в Україні
- [18]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [19]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [20]MycoBank Database
- [21]iNaturalist Ukraine