Golden cup or Scarlet elf cup
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Golden cup — spring, Scarlet elf cup — spring, winter. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, taste.

Golden cup
Caloscypha fulgens

Scarlet elf cup
Sarcoscypha coccinea
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Golden cup | Scarlet elf cup |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Golden cup Inedible | Scarlet elf cup Inedible |
| Season | Golden cup Spring | Scarlet elf cup SpringWinter |
| Use | Golden cup Not eaten | Scarlet elf cup Not eaten |
| Size | Golden cup Very small (<3 cm) | Scarlet elf cup Small (up to 5 cm) |
| Cap color | Golden cup OrangeYellow | Scarlet elf cup RedOrangePink |
| Cap shape | Golden cup Depressed | Scarlet elf cup Depressed |
| Cap surface | Golden cup Smooth | Scarlet elf cup Smooth |
| Taste | Golden cup Unknown | Scarlet elf cup Mild |
| Smell | Golden cup Odorless | Scarlet elf cup Odorless |
| Flesh color change | Golden cup No change | Scarlet elf cup No change |
| Hymenophore | Golden cup Smooth | Scarlet elf cup Smooth |
| Stem | Golden cup Absent | Scarlet elf cup Lateral |
| Ring (veil) | Golden cup No ring | Scarlet elf cup No ring |
| Volva | Golden cup No volva | Scarlet elf cup No volva |
| Substrate | Golden cup SoilMossForest litterDead wood | Scarlet elf cup Dead woodForest litter |
| Nutrition type | Golden cup Saprotroph | Scarlet elf cup Saprotroph |
| Partner trees | Golden cup SpruceFirPine | Scarlet elf cup BeechHornbeamHazel |
📅 Seasonality
Golden cup
Fruiting season
April – June
Scarlet elf cup
Fruiting season
February – May
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Golden cup
The fruiting body is cup- or goblet-shaped, 1-3 cm across and 0.5-1.5 cm tall, with no clear division into cap and stem. The inner surface (hymenium) is smooth, silky-shiny, bright orange to flame-yellow. The outer surface is paler, creamy orange, with fine whitish down. The rim of the cup is thin, curled downward in young specimens and flattening out or slightly wavy in mature ones.
Scarlet elf cup
The fruiting body is shaped like a cup or a deep bowl 1.5-6 cm across and 1-3 cm tall. The inner (upper) surface is bright cinnabar red, smooth and glossy. The outer (lower) surface is lighter, pinkish-cream to whitish, with a fine white velvety down. The cup's rim is even, slightly wavy in mature specimens.
Hymenophore
Golden cup
A smooth hymenium covers the inner surface of the cup. The spores ripen in microscopic sacs (asci). The spore print is colorless to pale yellow. The spores are shot out at the slightest change in air pressure or moisture — a trait shared by all Pezizales.
Scarlet elf cup
The spore-bearing layer sits on the inner surface of the cup, red and smooth. Unlike gilled mushrooms, there are no gills or tubes here — it's a typical discomycete with an open, disc-like hymenium. When ripe, the spores are released in a "puff" at a sudden jolt — a striking sight you can see by blowing on the cup on a sunny day.
Stem
Golden cup
The stem is almost absent — the fruiting body is sessile or has a short, narrowed base 2-5 mm tall, barely sunk into the soil.
Scarlet elf cup
The stem is short, 1-3 cm tall, 0.3-0.5 cm thick, lateral or central, often barely visible under the leaf litter. Its color is whitish to pink. The mushroom often looks like a "cup sitting right on the twig".
Flesh
Golden cup
The flesh is thin (1-2 mm), waxy, brittle and orange-yellowish. It doesn't change color when cut. No distinct smell or taste.
Scarlet elf cup
Flesh thin, gelatinous, springy and crisp, reddish (like the cup), doesn't change color when damaged. Fresh, it's soft, and feels like a thin sheet of rubber. When it dries it becomes brittle and dark red.
Smell
Golden cup
Faint, neutral, indistinct. Not tasted — the mushroom is inedible.
Scarlet elf cup
The smell is faint, mushroomy, slightly earthy, with no distinctive notes. The taste of the flesh is mild and neutral, with no acridity or bitterness.
📍 Habitats
Golden cup
Scarlet elf cup
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup be mixed up?
How to tell Golden cup from Scarlet elf cup?
Is Scarlet elf cup edible?
When do Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine