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Golden cup or Scarlet elf cup

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Golden cup — spring, Scarlet elf cup — spring, winter. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, taste.

Golden cup (Caloscypha fulgens)

Golden cup

Caloscypha fulgens

InedibleExpert-verified
Scarlet elf cup (Sarcoscypha coccinea)

Scarlet elf cup

Sarcoscypha coccinea

InedibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup
Edibility class

Golden cup

Inedible

Scarlet elf cup

Inedible
Season

Golden cup

Spring

Scarlet elf cup

SpringWinter
Use

Golden cup

Not eaten

Scarlet elf cup

Not eaten
Size

Golden cup

Very small (<3 cm)

Scarlet elf cup

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Golden cup

OrangeYellow

Scarlet elf cup

RedOrangePink
Cap shape

Golden cup

Depressed

Scarlet elf cup

Depressed
Cap surface

Golden cup

Smooth

Scarlet elf cup

Smooth
Taste

Golden cup

Unknown

Scarlet elf cup

Mild
Smell

Golden cup

Odorless

Scarlet elf cup

Odorless
Flesh color change

Golden cup

No change

Scarlet elf cup

No change
Hymenophore

Golden cup

Smooth

Scarlet elf cup

Smooth
Stem

Golden cup

Absent

Scarlet elf cup

Lateral
Ring (veil)

Golden cup

No ring

Scarlet elf cup

No ring
Volva

Golden cup

No volva

Scarlet elf cup

No volva
Substrate

Golden cup

SoilMossForest litterDead wood

Scarlet elf cup

Dead woodForest litter
Nutrition type

Golden cup

Saprotroph

Scarlet elf cup

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Golden cup

SpruceFirPine

Scarlet elf cup

BeechHornbeamHazel

📅 Seasonality

Golden cup

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

April – June

Scarlet elf cup

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

February – May

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Golden cup

The fruiting body is cup- or goblet-shaped, 1-3 cm across and 0.5-1.5 cm tall, with no clear division into cap and stem. The inner surface (hymenium) is smooth, silky-shiny, bright orange to flame-yellow. The outer surface is paler, creamy orange, with fine whitish down. The rim of the cup is thin, curled downward in young specimens and flattening out or slightly wavy in mature ones.

Scarlet elf cup

The fruiting body is shaped like a cup or a deep bowl 1.5-6 cm across and 1-3 cm tall. The inner (upper) surface is bright cinnabar red, smooth and glossy. The outer (lower) surface is lighter, pinkish-cream to whitish, with a fine white velvety down. The cup's rim is even, slightly wavy in mature specimens.

Hymenophore

Golden cup

A smooth hymenium covers the inner surface of the cup. The spores ripen in microscopic sacs (asci). The spore print is colorless to pale yellow. The spores are shot out at the slightest change in air pressure or moisture — a trait shared by all Pezizales.

Scarlet elf cup

The spore-bearing layer sits on the inner surface of the cup, red and smooth. Unlike gilled mushrooms, there are no gills or tubes here — it's a typical discomycete with an open, disc-like hymenium. When ripe, the spores are released in a "puff" at a sudden jolt — a striking sight you can see by blowing on the cup on a sunny day.

Stem

Golden cup

The stem is almost absent — the fruiting body is sessile or has a short, narrowed base 2-5 mm tall, barely sunk into the soil.

Scarlet elf cup

The stem is short, 1-3 cm tall, 0.3-0.5 cm thick, lateral or central, often barely visible under the leaf litter. Its color is whitish to pink. The mushroom often looks like a "cup sitting right on the twig".

Flesh

Golden cup

The flesh is thin (1-2 mm), waxy, brittle and orange-yellowish. It doesn't change color when cut. No distinct smell or taste.

Scarlet elf cup

Flesh thin, gelatinous, springy and crisp, reddish (like the cup), doesn't change color when damaged. Fresh, it's soft, and feels like a thin sheet of rubber. When it dries it becomes brittle and dark red.

Smell

Golden cup

Faint, neutral, indistinct. Not tasted — the mushroom is inedible.

Scarlet elf cup

The smell is faint, mushroomy, slightly earthy, with no distinctive notes. The taste of the flesh is mild and neutral, with no acridity or bitterness.

📍 Habitats

Golden cup

Conifer forestMixed forest

Scarlet elf cup

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The season, size, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Golden cup from Scarlet elf cup?
The main differences: season: Golden cup — spring, Scarlet elf cup — spring, winter; size: Golden cup — very small (<3 cm), Scarlet elf cup — small (up to 5 cm); cap color: Golden cup — orange, yellow, Scarlet elf cup — red, orange, pink. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Scarlet elf cup edible?
Scarlet elf cup — inedible.
When do Golden cup and Scarlet elf cup grow?
Golden cup — April–June; Scarlet elf cup — February–May.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine