Matt knight or Birch knight
Matt knight and Birch knight are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: partner trees: Matt knight — pine, spruce, Birch knight — birch.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Matt knight | Birch knight |
|---|---|---|
| Use | Matt knight: Cook fresh, Pickling | Birch knight: Culinary |
| Cap colour | Matt knight: Brown, Dark brown | Birch knight: Brown, Chestnut, Rusty |
| Cap shape | Matt knight: Umbonate | Birch knight: Convex, Flat, Umbonate, Depressed |
| Cap surface | Matt knight: Fibrous | Birch knight: Slimy, Smooth, Fibrous |
| Taste | Matt knight: Bitter | Birch knight: Mealy taste, Bitter |
| Stem | Matt knight: Central | Birch knight: Central, Hollow |
| Substrate | Matt knight: Soil | Birch knight: Soil, Leaf litter, Moss |
| Partner trees | Matt knight: Pine, Spruce | Birch knight: Birch |
| Growth habit | Matt knight: In groups, In rings | Birch knight: Solitary, In groups, In rings |
Same in both: edibility class, season, size, smell, flesh colour change, hymenophore, nutrition type.
When and where they meet
Together: September–November
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Matt knight
The cap is 5-12 cm across, convex-globular with an inrolled margin when young, becoming flat-convex with a low, broad bump in the centre with age. The cap skin is matte, slightly slimy in wet weather. The colour is dark chestnut-brown, richer in the centre, paler toward the margin. The surface is finely fibrous or faintly scaly-fibrous, a "tiled" pattern, especially visible on the sunlit sides of the cap. The margin is even, inrolled when young and wavy when old.
Birch knight
The cap is 4–12 cm across, occasionally up to 15 cm. Young caps are convex, then flatten, often with a low umbo, and can be slightly sunken in the centre.
The colour is reddish brown to yellowish brown: darker in the centre, paler and yellowish at the margin. Fine brown fibres radiate from the centre. The skin is sticky, slimy and shiny in wet weather and matt when dry. The margin is often grooved, and old caps may crack into small scales.
Hymenophore
Matt knight
The gills are notched-attached to the stem, moderately crowded and fleshy. They start whitish and with age become cream with ochre-brown spots on the edges. Spore print white.
Birch knight
The gills are crowded, fairly broad and notched where they meet the stem. Young gills are pale yellow or yellowish white, and with age they develop rusty brown spots, with brownish edges.
Yellowish gills are unusual in the genus: most knights, including the poisonous brown ones, have white or cream gills. The spore print is white.
Stem
Matt knight
The stem is 5-10 cm tall and 1-2.5 cm thick, firm and cylindrical, thickening toward the base in older mushrooms. It's whitish at the top and brownish below, often with ochre-chestnut spots in the lower third. The surface is finely fibrous. No ring.
Birch knight
The stem is 4–13 cm tall and 0.7–2 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes thickening towards the base. It's coloured like the cap but paler, yellowish brown, lighter at the top, and streaked with darker brown lengthways fibres.
Young stems are solid and slightly sticky; old ones become hollow. There is no ring and no volva.
Flesh
Matt knight
The flesh is firm and white; where cut it doesn't change colour or slowly takes on a pale yellowish tint. The smell is faintly mealy, and the taste is mild at first, then bitterish and mealy, with the aftertaste typical of knights.
Birch knight
The flesh is firm. It's whitish to pale yellow in the cap and distinctly yellow in the stem, and that's the easiest way to tell the birch knight from other brown knights, whose flesh is white. It doesn't change colour when cut. The taste is mealy, sometimes slightly bitter.
Smell
Matt knight
A faint mealy smell, typical of many knights, like freshly ground flour.
Birch knight
The smell is mealy, like raw dough, sometimes with a hint of cucumber. It's not much help for identification: some poisonous brown knights smell of flour too.
Related comparisons
Sources · 16
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [7]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
- [8]Wikipedia (English)
- [9]Википедия (русская)
- [10]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
- [11]Wikipedia (de): Gelbblättriger Ritterling
- [12]Wikipedia (de): Brandiger Ritterling
- [13]Svampguiden: Birch Knight (Tricholoma fulvum)
- [14]First Nature: Tricholoma ustale, Burnt Knight
- [15]Heilmann-Clausen J. et al. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 2017, 38: 38–57, Heilmann-Clausen J., Christensen M., Frøslev T.G., Kjøller R. (2017)
- [16]Diaz J.H. Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings. Critical Care Medicine, 2005, 33(2): 427–436, Diaz J.H. (2005)