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How to tell Matt knight from Tacked knight

Tacked knight is poisonous
All about Matt knight
All about Tacked knight

Matt knight and Tacked knight look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Matt knight is conditionally edible, while Tacked knight is poisonous. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Matt knight — no change, Tacked knight — darkens. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap surface, cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Matt knightTacked knight
Comparison of characteristics: Matt knight and Tacked knight
Edibility classMatt knight: Conditionally edibleTacked knight: Poisonous
UseMatt knight: Cook fresh, PicklingTacked knight: Not eaten
Cap colourMatt knight: Brown, Dark brownTacked knight: Brown, Chestnut, Dark brown, Mottled
Cap shapeMatt knight: UmbonateTacked knight: Convex, Flat, Depressed
Cap surfaceMatt knight: FibrousTacked knight: Slimy, Smooth
TasteMatt knight: BitterTacked knight: Mealy taste, Bitter
Flesh colour changeMatt knight: No changeTacked knight: Darkens
StemMatt knight: CentralTacked knight: Central, Solid
SubstrateMatt knight: SoilTacked knight: Soil, Conifer needle litter
Partner treesMatt knight: Pine, SpruceTacked knight: Pine, Spruce, Fir
Growth habitMatt knight: In groups, In ringsTacked knight: In groups, Solitary

Same in both: season, size, smell, hymenophore, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: September–November

Their seasons overlap: September–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: conifer forest, mixed forest.

Matt knight

Fruiting season

September – November

Tacked knight

Fruiting season

August – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Matt knight

The cap is 5-12 cm across, convex-globular with an inrolled margin when young, becoming flat-convex with a low, broad bump in the centre with age. The cap skin is matte, slightly slimy in wet weather. The colour is dark chestnut-brown, richer in the centre, paler toward the margin. The surface is finely fibrous or faintly scaly-fibrous, a "tiled" pattern, especially visible on the sunlit sides of the cap. The margin is even, inrolled when young and wavy when old.

Tacked knight

The cap is 5–15 cm across. Young caps are hemispherical to convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten out, sometimes with a shallow dip in the centre when old, and the edge can be wavy. The surface is smooth, without obvious radial fibres, slimy and shiny when wet and tacky when dry.

The colour is reddish brown, chestnut or yellowish brown, paler and greyish pink towards the margin, which isn't grooved. The cap often has small dark yellowish brown spots that look like dried drops, but some caps have none.

Hymenophore

Matt knight

The gills are notched-attached to the stem, moderately crowded and fleshy. They start whitish and with age become cream with ochre-brown spots on the edges. Spore print white.

Tacked knight

The gills are white or cream, later pale brownish, crowded and notched or attached by a tooth at the stem. On old fruit bodies, and where they've been knocked, they develop rusty brown spots.

The spore print is white.

Stem

Matt knight

The stem is 5-10 cm tall and 1-2.5 cm thick, firm and cylindrical, thickening toward the base in older mushrooms. It's whitish at the top and brownish below, often with ochre-chestnut spots in the lower third. The surface is finely fibrous. No ring.

Tacked knight

The stem is 3–8 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the base, firm, and may become hollow with age. It's white, smooth or faintly fibrous, slowly browns with handling and age, and is rusty brown at the base.

There is no ring, no ring zone and no volva. Nor is there a sharply defined white band at the top of the stem; that's more typical of Tricholoma albobrunneum.

Flesh

Matt knight

The flesh is firm and white; where cut it doesn't change colour or slowly takes on a pale yellowish tint. The smell is faintly mealy, and the taste is mild at first, then bitterish and mealy, with the aftertaste typical of knights.

Tacked knight

The flesh is white and firm, sometimes brownish under the cap skin and at the stem base. It doesn't change colour noticeably when cut but slowly browns after long handling. The taste is mealy with a slight bitterness.

Smell

Matt knight

A faint mealy smell, typical of many knights, like freshly ground flour.

Tacked knight

The smell is mealy, like fresh flour; some authors describe it as stale, sourish flour. It doesn't help with identification, because the edible poplar and matt knights smell of meal too.

Related comparisons

Sources · 17

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [7]Wikipedia (English)
  • [8]Wikipedia (polska)
  • [9]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
  • [10]Funga Nordica: Tricholoma (Christensen & Heilmann-Clausen 2008), Christensen M., Heilmann-Clausen J. (2008)
  • [11]Heilmann-Clausen J. et al. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 2017, 38: 38–57, Heilmann-Clausen J., Christensen M., Frøslev T.G., Kjøller R. (2017)
  • [12]Wikipedia (ru): Рядовка пятнистая
  • [13]Wikigrib: Рядовка пятнистая
  • [14]Suber N. Vergiftungen mit braunen Ritterlingen. Westfälische Pilzbriefe, Bd. 1, Heft 12, Suber N.
  • [15]Graeme K.A. Mycetism: a review of the recent literature. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014, 10(2): 173–189, Graeme K.A. (2014)
  • [16]Diaz J.H. Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings. Critical Care Medicine, 2005, 33(2): 427–436, Diaz J.H. (2005)
  • [17]Bioimages: Tricholoma pessundatum (Tacked Knight)