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Oak milkcap or Lactarius insulsus

All about Oak milkcap
All about Lactarius insulsus

Oak milkcap and Lactarius insulsus are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap colour: Oak milkcap — brown, rusty, chestnut, Lactarius insulsus — cream, yellow, orange. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: smell, cap shape.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Oak milkcapLactarius insulsus
Comparison of characteristics: Oak milkcap and Lactarius insulsus
UseOak milkcap: SaltingLactarius insulsus: Salting, Pickling
Cap colourOak milkcap: Brown, Rusty, ChestnutLactarius insulsus: Cream, Yellow, Orange
Cap shapeOak milkcap: Convex, Depressed, FlatLactarius insulsus: Funnel-shaped
Cap surfaceOak milkcap: Dry, SmoothLactarius insulsus: Smooth
TasteOak milkcap: —Lactarius insulsus: Acrid
SmellOak milkcap: Unpleasant, ChemicalLactarius insulsus: Odourless
StemOak milkcap: Central, HollowLactarius insulsus: Central
SubstrateOak milkcap: Soil, Leaf litterLactarius insulsus: Soil
Partner treesOak milkcap: OakLactarius insulsus: Oak, Hornbeam, Beech
Growth habitOak milkcap: In groups, SolitaryLactarius insulsus: In groups

Same in both: edibility class, season, size, flesh colour change, hymenophore, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: July–November

Their seasons overlap: July–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: deciduous forest, mixed forest.

Oak milkcap

Fruiting season

June – November

Lactarius insulsus

Fruiting season

July – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Oak milkcap

The cap is 3 to 10 cm across, usually 4 to 8 cm, convex with an inrolled margin at first, then flattened with a shallow central dip and finally shallowly funnel-shaped; a central bump is rare.

It's a dull reddish brown, cinnamon or yellow-brown, darker in the centre, with faint darker concentric zones or rings of spots. The surface is matt and dry, though it can look a little shiny in wet weather.

Lactarius insulsus

The cap is 5-12 cm, convex at first with an inrolled margin, later funnel-shaped. It's cream to cream-ochre, with clear, darker concentric zones of ochre or light brown. The surface is dry, or slightly sticky in wet weather, with fine down near the margin when young.

Hymenophore

Oak milkcap

The gills run slightly down the stem and are crowded and narrow, cream or pinkish buff at first, later reddish brown, often with rusty spots. Broken gills release plentiful white to creamy-white milk that doesn't turn bright yellow.

The spore print is cream with a slight salmon-pink tinge.

Lactarius insulsus

The gills are crowded and narrow, attached to the stem or running slightly down it. They're whitish, turning cream to pale ochre with age, and release white milk when damaged. Spore print cream to pale ochre.

Stem

Oak milkcap

The stem is 3 to 7 cm tall and 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, the colour of the cap and darker reddish brown towards the base, cylindrical, often furrowed lengthways, solid at first and later hollow. There's no ring.

Lactarius insulsus

The stem is 3-6 cm tall and 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly tapering toward the base, firm when young and often hollow when mature. It's whitish to cream, often with small ochre “pits” (scrobiculae), a characteristic feature of some milk caps.

Flesh

Oak milkcap

The flesh is firm, brittle and whitish, reddish brown in the stem base, and browns with age.

Lactarius insulsus

The flesh is white, firm and brittle. When damaged, it releases plenty of white milk that doesn't change colour in the air. The cut flesh doesn't darken or turn yellow either.

Smell

Oak milkcap

An oily smell, often said to be like bugs, strongest in old or drying caps. The taste is mild to slightly bitter, not hot.

Lactarius insulsus

The smell is faint and mushroomy, with nothing distinctive. The raw flesh and milk taste very hot, sharp and peppery. Don’t taste it raw — it will raise blisters on your tongue.

Related comparisons

Sources · 19

  • [1]Index Fungorum
  • [2]GBIF
  • [3]Wikipedia (English)
  • [4]Википедия (русская)
  • [5]First Nature: Lactarius quietus, Oakbug Milkcap
  • [6]First Nature: Lactarius chrysorrheus, Yellowdrop Milkcap
  • [7]First Nature: Lactarius subdulcis, Mild Milkcap
  • [8]First Nature: Lactarius serifluus, Watery Milkcap
  • [9]Mushroom Diary (J C Harris): Oakbug Milkcap, Lactarius quietus
  • [10]Forager's Calendar (John Wright): Oak milkcap
  • [11]NatureSpot: Oakbug Milkcap
  • [12]Wikipedia (de): Eichen-Milchling
  • [13]Шульга В. М. Світ грибів України: Lactarius quietus
  • [14]Wikigrib: Млечник дубовый
  • [15]GBIF: знахідки Lactarius quietus в Україні
  • [16]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [17]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [18]MycoBank Database
  • [19]iNaturalist Ukraine