Scarlet waxcap or Vermilion waxcap
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap surface: Scarlet waxcap — slimy, Vermilion waxcap — scaly.

Scarlet waxcap
Hygrocybe coccinea
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Vermilion waxcap
Hygrocybe miniata
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Scarlet waxcap | Vermilion waxcap |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Scarlet waxcap Inedible | Vermilion waxcap Inedible |
| Season | Scarlet waxcap SummerAutumn | Vermilion waxcap SummerAutumn |
| Use | Scarlet waxcap Not eaten | Vermilion waxcap Not eaten |
| Size | Scarlet waxcap Small (up to 5 cm) | Vermilion waxcap Small (up to 5 cm) |
| Cap color | Scarlet waxcap RedOrange | Vermilion waxcap RedOrange |
| Cap shape | Scarlet waxcap Convex | Vermilion waxcap Convex |
| Cap surface | Scarlet waxcap Slimy | Vermilion waxcap Scaly |
| Taste | Scarlet waxcap Mild | Vermilion waxcap Mild |
| Smell | Scarlet waxcap Odorless | Vermilion waxcap Odorless |
| Flesh color change | Scarlet waxcap No change | Vermilion waxcap No change |
| Hymenophore | Scarlet waxcap Gilled | Vermilion waxcap Gilled |
| Stem | Scarlet waxcap Central | Vermilion waxcap Central |
| Ring (veil) | Scarlet waxcap No ring | Vermilion waxcap No ring |
| Volva | Scarlet waxcap No volva | Vermilion waxcap No volva |
| Substrate | Scarlet waxcap SoilMoss | Vermilion waxcap SoilMoss |
| Nutrition type | Scarlet waxcap Saprotroph | Vermilion waxcap Saprotroph |
📅 Seasonality
Scarlet waxcap
Fruiting season
July – October
Vermilion waxcap
Fruiting season
July – October
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Scarlet waxcap
Cap 2-5 cm, at first hemispherical to conical, then convex-flattened with a low umbo. Color bright red, coral, cinnabar red — this is the key feature. With age the margin may turn yellow or orange. Surface moist, waxy, slightly slimy in wet weather.
Vermilion waxcap
Cap 1-3 cm, hemispherical at first, then convex-spreading, sometimes with a small bump. Color bright red, cinnabar red, may turn orange with age. The surface is matte, finely scaly or granular-rough — a characteristic feature of the species. In wet weather it's slightly damp, but not slimy.
Hymenophore
Scarlet waxcap
Gills. The gills are widely spaced, thick, waxy, attached or slightly decurrent. Color red, coral to yellowish red. Spore print white.
Vermilion waxcap
Gilled hymenophore. Gills distant, thick, waxy, attached or slightly decurrent. Orange-yellow to reddish. Spore print white.
Stem
Scarlet waxcap
Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, hollow inside. Color red to orange-red, paler and yellowish toward the base. Surface dry, smooth. No ring.
Vermilion waxcap
Stem 2-5 cm tall, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, thin, cylindrical, hollow. Orange-red or orange-yellow, paler toward the base. The surface is dry and smooth. There is no ring.
Flesh
Scarlet waxcap
Flesh thin, brittle, reddish to yellowish. Doesn't change color when cut. No culinary value.
Vermilion waxcap
The flesh is thin, brittle, orangey. It doesn't change color when cut. It has no culinary value.
Smell
Scarlet waxcap
No distinctive smell, or faintly mushroomy. Mild taste, nothing special.
Vermilion waxcap
No distinct smell. Mild taste, nothing special.
📍 Habitats
Scarlet waxcap
Vermilion waxcap
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap be mixed up?
How to tell Scarlet waxcap from Vermilion waxcap?
Is Vermilion waxcap edible?
When do Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine