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Scarlet waxcap or Vermilion waxcap

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap surface: Scarlet waxcap — slimy, Vermilion waxcap — scaly.

Scarlet waxcap (Hygrocybe coccinea)

Scarlet waxcap

Hygrocybe coccinea

InedibleExpert-verified
Vermilion waxcap (Hygrocybe miniata)

Vermilion waxcap

Hygrocybe miniata

InedibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap
Edibility class

Scarlet waxcap

Inedible

Vermilion waxcap

Inedible
Season

Scarlet waxcap

SummerAutumn

Vermilion waxcap

SummerAutumn
Use

Scarlet waxcap

Not eaten

Vermilion waxcap

Not eaten
Size

Scarlet waxcap

Small (up to 5 cm)

Vermilion waxcap

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Scarlet waxcap

RedOrange

Vermilion waxcap

RedOrange
Cap shape

Scarlet waxcap

Convex

Vermilion waxcap

Convex
Cap surface

Scarlet waxcap

Slimy

Vermilion waxcap

Scaly
Taste

Scarlet waxcap

Mild

Vermilion waxcap

Mild
Smell

Scarlet waxcap

Odorless

Vermilion waxcap

Odorless
Flesh color change

Scarlet waxcap

No change

Vermilion waxcap

No change
Hymenophore

Scarlet waxcap

Gilled

Vermilion waxcap

Gilled
Stem

Scarlet waxcap

Central

Vermilion waxcap

Central
Ring (veil)

Scarlet waxcap

No ring

Vermilion waxcap

No ring
Volva

Scarlet waxcap

No volva

Vermilion waxcap

No volva
Substrate

Scarlet waxcap

SoilMoss

Vermilion waxcap

SoilMoss
Nutrition type

Scarlet waxcap

Saprotroph

Vermilion waxcap

Saprotroph

📅 Seasonality

Scarlet waxcap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

Vermilion waxcap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Scarlet waxcap

Cap 2-5 cm, at first hemispherical to conical, then convex-flattened with a low umbo. Color bright red, coral, cinnabar red — this is the key feature. With age the margin may turn yellow or orange. Surface moist, waxy, slightly slimy in wet weather.

Vermilion waxcap

Cap 1-3 cm, hemispherical at first, then convex-spreading, sometimes with a small bump. Color bright red, cinnabar red, may turn orange with age. The surface is matte, finely scaly or granular-rough — a characteristic feature of the species. In wet weather it's slightly damp, but not slimy.

Hymenophore

Scarlet waxcap

Gills. The gills are widely spaced, thick, waxy, attached or slightly decurrent. Color red, coral to yellowish red. Spore print white.

Vermilion waxcap

Gilled hymenophore. Gills distant, thick, waxy, attached or slightly decurrent. Orange-yellow to reddish. Spore print white.

Stem

Scarlet waxcap

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, hollow inside. Color red to orange-red, paler and yellowish toward the base. Surface dry, smooth. No ring.

Vermilion waxcap

Stem 2-5 cm tall, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, thin, cylindrical, hollow. Orange-red or orange-yellow, paler toward the base. The surface is dry and smooth. There is no ring.

Flesh

Scarlet waxcap

Flesh thin, brittle, reddish to yellowish. Doesn't change color when cut. No culinary value.

Vermilion waxcap

The flesh is thin, brittle, orangey. It doesn't change color when cut. It has no culinary value.

Smell

Scarlet waxcap

No distinctive smell, or faintly mushroomy. Mild taste, nothing special.

Vermilion waxcap

No distinct smell. Mild taste, nothing special.

📍 Habitats

Scarlet waxcap

Mixed forestDeciduous forest

Vermilion waxcap

Mixed forestDeciduous forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The cap surface help tell them apart.
How to tell Scarlet waxcap from Vermilion waxcap?
The main differences: cap surface: Scarlet waxcap — slimy, Vermilion waxcap — scaly. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Vermilion waxcap edible?
Vermilion waxcap — inedible.
When do Scarlet waxcap and Vermilion waxcap grow?
Scarlet waxcap — July–October; Vermilion waxcap — July–October. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine