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Candlesnuff fungus or Strict-branch coral

Candlesnuff fungus and Strict-branch coral are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Candlesnuff fungus — no change, Strict-branch coral — darkens. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: stem, colour, size.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Candlesnuff fungusStrict-branch coral
Comparison of characteristics: Candlesnuff fungus and Strict-branch coral
SeasonCandlesnuff fungus: Spring, Summer, Autumn, WinterStrict-branch coral: Summer, Autumn
SizeCandlesnuff fungus: Small (up to 5 cm)Strict-branch coral: Medium (5–15 cm)
ColourCandlesnuff fungus: Black, WhiteStrict-branch coral: Yellow, Brown
Cap shapeCandlesnuff fungus: IrregularStrict-branch coral: —
TasteCandlesnuff fungus: —Strict-branch coral: Bitter
SmellCandlesnuff fungus: —Strict-branch coral: Pleasant, Anise
Flesh colour changeCandlesnuff fungus: No changeStrict-branch coral: Darkens
StemCandlesnuff fungus: AbsentStrict-branch coral: Central
Partner treesCandlesnuff fungus: Oak, Beech, Hornbeam, BirchStrict-branch coral: Beech, Oak, Hornbeam
Growth habitCandlesnuff fungus: In groups, In clusters from one baseStrict-branch coral: In groups

Same in both: edibility class, use, substrate, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: August–November

Their seasons overlap: August–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: deciduous forest, mixed forest.

Candlesnuff fungus

Fruiting season

January – December

Strict-branch coral

Fruiting season

August – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Candlesnuff fungus

There's no cap. The fruit body, or stroma, is upright, cylindrical or flattened, often twisted, 3 to 5 cm tall, occasionally 8 cm, and 2 to 8 mm thick. It can be a simple spike, but it's usually forked at the top like antlers.

The lower part is black and finely velvety. In autumn the upper part is white or greyish, dusted with asexual spores. As the sexual spores ripen, the whole stroma turns black and tiny bumps with pores appear on the upper part.

Strict-branch coral

A bushy fruiting body with no cap, 5-10 cm tall and 3-7 cm across. The branches are thin, straight and parallel, rising vertically like a little brush or broom. The colour is ochre-yellow, becoming brownish-yellow to brown with age. The branch tips are thin, pointed and the same colour, often darker at the base.

Hymenophore

Candlesnuff fungus

There are no gills or pores. The spores ripen in tiny chambers just below the surface of the upper part of the stroma.

The spore print is black.

Strict-branch coral

The spore-bearing layer covers the surface of the branches. The spore print is ochre.

Stem

Candlesnuff fungus

There's no separate stem: the black, velvety base of the stroma runs into the forked upper part.

Strict-branch coral

The shared base is short and thin, 1-3 cm tall and 0.5-1 cm across, ochre-white with fine felty threads at the bottom (where it attaches to the substrate).

Flesh

Candlesnuff fungus

The flesh is thin, tough, springy and whitish. The stroma bends or snaps but is never jelly-like or slimy.

Strict-branch coral

The flesh is thin, limp and yellowish. It quickly turns brown when pressed or cut, a characteristic reaction and an important identification feature. The taste is distinctly bitter and astringent.

Smell

Candlesnuff fungus

The smell isn't distinctive.

Strict-branch coral

Faintly mushroomy with a hint of anise or fresh conifer cones.

Related comparisons

Sources · 15

  • [1]Index Fungorum
  • [2]GBIF
  • [3]Wikipedia (English)
  • [4]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [5]First Nature: Xylaria hypoxylon, Candlesnuff Fungus
  • [6]First Nature: Xylaria polymorpha, Dead Man's Fingers
  • [7]First Nature: Calocera viscosa, Yellow Stagshorn
  • [8]Atamanchuk A.R., Bisko N.A. Cultural and morphological characteristics of three wood-inhabiting Xylaria species from Ukraine. Plant & Fungal Research, 2022, 5(2): 11–19, Atamanchuk A.R., Bisko N.A. (2022)
  • [9]Вікіпедія (українська): Ксиларія
  • [10]NatureSpot: Xylaria hypoxylon, Candlesnuff Fungus (photo of bioluminescence, 2017)
  • [11]GBIF: знахідки Xylaria hypoxylon в Україні
  • [12]Wikigrib: Ксилярия Гипоксилон
  • [13]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [14]MycoBank Database
  • [15]iNaturalist Ukraine