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Yellow stagshorn or Candlesnuff fungus

Yellow stagshorn and Candlesnuff fungus are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: stem: Yellow stagshorn — rooting, Candlesnuff fungus — absent. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: colour, partner trees.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Yellow stagshornCandlesnuff fungus
Comparison of characteristics: Yellow stagshorn and Candlesnuff fungus
SeasonYellow stagshorn: Summer, AutumnCandlesnuff fungus: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter
ColourYellow stagshorn: Yellow, OrangeCandlesnuff fungus: Black, White
Cap shapeYellow stagshorn: —Candlesnuff fungus: Irregular
SmellYellow stagshorn: OdourlessCandlesnuff fungus: —
StemYellow stagshorn: RootingCandlesnuff fungus: Absent
Partner treesYellow stagshorn: Spruce, Pine, FirCandlesnuff fungus: Oak, Beech, Hornbeam, Birch
Growth habitYellow stagshorn: Solitary, In groupsCandlesnuff fungus: In groups, In clusters from one base

Same in both: edibility class, use, size, flesh colour change, substrate, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: July–November

Their seasons overlap: July–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: mixed forest.

Yellow stagshorn

Fruiting season

July – November

Candlesnuff fungus

Fruiting season

January – December

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Yellow stagshorn

There's no cap. The fruit body is bushy: from a short base it forks into slender branches a few millimetres thick, with pointed, often forked tips, 3 to 6 cm tall and occasionally 10 cm. Small specimens can be simple spikes forked at the top.

The colour ranges from egg-yolk yellow to orange-yellow, with a paler, whitish-yellow base. It reddens as it dries. In wet weather the surface is greasy and sticky.

Candlesnuff fungus

There's no cap. The fruit body, or stroma, is upright, cylindrical or flattened, often twisted, 3 to 5 cm tall, occasionally 8 cm, and 2 to 8 mm thick. It can be a simple spike, but it's usually forked at the top like antlers.

The lower part is black and finely velvety. In autumn the upper part is white or greyish, dusted with asexual spores. As the sexual spores ripen, the whole stroma turns black and tiny bumps with pores appear on the upper part.

Hymenophore

Yellow stagshorn

There are no gills or pores: the spores form over almost the whole surface of the branches except the base.

The spore print is whitish to pale yellow.

Candlesnuff fungus

There are no gills or pores. The spores ripen in tiny chambers just below the surface of the upper part of the stroma.

The spore print is black.

Stem

Yellow stagshorn

There's no separate stem. The short, paler base roots deep into the wood.

Candlesnuff fungus

There's no separate stem: the black, velvety base of the stroma runs into the forked upper part.

Flesh

Yellow stagshorn

The flesh is springy, rubbery-gelatinous and cartilaginous, bending rather than snapping. It turns hard when dry.

Candlesnuff fungus

The flesh is thin, tough, springy and whitish. The stroma bends or snaps but is never jelly-like or slimy.

Smell

Yellow stagshorn

The smell and taste aren't distinctive.

Candlesnuff fungus

The smell isn't distinctive.

Related comparisons

Sources · 22

  • [1]Index Fungorum
  • [2]Species Fungorum
  • [3]GBIF
  • [4]Wikipedia (English)
  • [5]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [6]Википедия (русская)
  • [7]First Nature: Calocera viscosa, Yellow Stagshorn
  • [8]First Nature: Calocera cornea, Small Stagshorn
  • [9]First Nature: Clavulinopsis corniculata, Meadow Coral
  • [10]First Nature: Ramaria stricta, Upright Coral
  • [11]Wikipedia (de): Klebriger Hörnling
  • [12]Shirouzu T., Hirose D., Tokumasu S. Taxonomic study of the Japanese Dacrymycetes. Persoonia, 2009, 23: 16–34, Shirouzu T., Hirose D., Tokumasu S. (2009)
  • [13]Світ грибів України (gribi.net.ua): Калоцера клейка
  • [14]GBIF: знахідки Calocera viscosa в Україні
  • [15]Wikigrib: Калоцера клейкая
  • [16]First Nature: Xylaria hypoxylon, Candlesnuff Fungus
  • [17]First Nature: Xylaria polymorpha, Dead Man's Fingers
  • [18]Atamanchuk A.R., Bisko N.A. Cultural and morphological characteristics of three wood-inhabiting Xylaria species from Ukraine. Plant & Fungal Research, 2022, 5(2): 11–19, Atamanchuk A.R., Bisko N.A. (2022)
  • [19]Вікіпедія (українська): Ксиларія
  • [20]NatureSpot: Xylaria hypoxylon, Candlesnuff Fungus (photo of bioluminescence, 2017)
  • [21]GBIF: знахідки Xylaria hypoxylon в Україні
  • [22]Wikigrib: Ксилярия Гипоксилон