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How to tell Porcelain fungus from Destroying angel

Destroying angel is deadly poisonous
All about Porcelain fungus
All about Destroying angel

Porcelain fungus and Destroying angel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Porcelain fungus is conditionally edible, while Destroying angel is deadly poisonous. The main visible difference: volva: Porcelain fungus — no volva, Destroying angel — volva present. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: stem, substrate, cap surface. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Porcelain fungusDestroying angel
Comparison of characteristics: Porcelain fungus and Destroying angel
Edibility classPorcelain fungus: Conditionally edibleDestroying angel: Deadly poisonous
SeasonPorcelain fungus: Spring, Summer, AutumnDestroying angel: Summer, Autumn
UsePorcelain fungus: Cook freshDestroying angel: Not eaten
Cap colourPorcelain fungus: White, Grey, CreamDestroying angel: White, Cream
Cap shapePorcelain fungus: Convex, FlatDestroying angel: Convex, Umbonate
Cap surfacePorcelain fungus: SlimyDestroying angel: Smooth
TastePorcelain fungus: MildDestroying angel: Unknown
SmellPorcelain fungus: OdourlessDestroying angel: Chemical, Unpleasant
StemPorcelain fungus: CentralDestroying angel: Bulbous
VolvaPorcelain fungus: No volvaDestroying angel: Volva present
SubstratePorcelain fungus: Dead wood, Living tree, On woodDestroying angel: Soil
Nutrition typePorcelain fungus: Saprotroph, ParasiteDestroying angel: Mycorrhizal
Partner treesPorcelain fungus: Beech, OakDestroying angel: Spruce, Pine, Birch
Growth habitPorcelain fungus: In clusters from one base, In groupsDestroying angel: Solitary

Same in both: size, flesh colour change, hymenophore, ring (veil).

When and where they meet

Together: August–October

Their seasons overlap: August–October. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: mixed forest.

Porcelain fungus

Fruiting season

May – November

Destroying angel

Fruiting season

August – October

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Porcelain fungus

The cap is 2 to 8 cm across, occasionally up to 10 cm. It starts convex or hemispherical, then becomes broadly convex or flattened. Young caps are greyish or olive-grey, later white and translucent like porcelain, often with a faint ochre flush in the centre.

In wet weather it's coated in thick, clear slime, though young caps are almost dry. The margin is thin, and the gills show through it.

Destroying angel

The cap is 5-12 cm across, egg-shaped when young, then bell-shaped or conical, often slightly lopsided, and finally spreading with a boss. It is entirely white or creamy white, slightly yellowish in the centre in old mushrooms. The surface is smooth and slightly sticky in wet weather. The mature cap has no scales, no warts and no veil remnants (unlike the fly agaric or Caesar's mushroom).

Hymenophore

Porcelain fungus

The gills are broad, very widely spaced, attached to the stem, white and translucent, and can turn slightly ochre with age.

The spore print is white and very abundant.

Destroying angel

The gills are white and free (not attached to the stem) and moderately crowded. The spore print is white. As in the rest of Amanita section Phalloideae, to which this species belongs, the gills stay white and free even in mature mushrooms, unlike those of Agaricus.

Stem

Porcelain fungus

The stem is 3 to 8 cm tall, occasionally up to 10 cm, and 3 to 10 mm thick, slim and tough, often curved, and slightly swollen at the base. It's white and finely lined above the ring, greyish and finely scaly below it.

The ring is white, membranous, prominent, slimy and grooved.

Destroying angel

The stem is 8-15 cm tall and 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical, long and slender, with a sac-like volva at the base (a remnant of the universal veil that looks like an eggshell). It is entirely white. Near the top is a white membranous ring, firm in young mushrooms and sometimes gone in old ones. The stem surface often has thin white flaky scales and fibres.

Flesh

Porcelain fungus

The flesh is thin and white, turning brownish at the stem base with age.

Destroying angel

The flesh is firm and entirely white and doesn't change colour when cut, like many edible mushrooms, so that tells you nothing. The smell is like radish in a very young mushroom, then turns unpleasant and sickly sweet, sometimes with a hint of chlorine, hence the epithet "stinking" in its Ukrainian name. In young mushrooms the smell is still faint, so don't rely on it as the only sign.

Smell

Porcelain fungus

The smell and taste aren't distinctive.

Destroying angel

Faint, unpleasant and sickly sweet, sometimes with a hint of chlorine, especially in old mushrooms and when the flesh is damaged. It tells you nothing about safety: the smell develops only with time, and a young mushroom with no distinct smell can still end up in the basket and cause fatal poisoning.

Related comparisons

Sources · 16

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [7]Species Fungorum
  • [8]Wikipedia (English)
  • [9]Википедия (русская)
  • [10]First Nature: Oudemansiella mucida, Porcelain Fungus
  • [11]Wild Food UK: Porcelain Fungus
  • [12]Wikipedia (en): Strobilurin
  • [13]Niego A.G. et al. Oudemansiella and allied genera: a review of their bioactive compounds and uses. 2021, Niego A.G. et al. (2021)
  • [14]Wikigrib: Удемансиелла слизистая
  • [15]GBIF: знахідки Mucidula mucida в Україні
  • [16]Naturalis: Porseleinzwam (Oudemansiella mucida)