How to tell Slender pholiota from Funeral bell
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
Warning: Funeral bell(Galerina marginata)
DEADLY POISONOUS
Eating it can cause death. Do not pick it and do not taste it.
If you suspect poisoning, call an ambulance immediately: 112 (the European emergency number) or your local emergency number
The short answer
Slender pholiota and Funeral bell look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Slender pholiota is unknown, while Funeral bell is deadly poisonous. Compare the color and shape of the cap, the stem, the flesh and the smell, as well as the season and habitat — details in the table below. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Funeral bell
Galerina marginata

Slender pholiota
Pholiota spumosa
📊 Comparing characteristics
⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom
| Characteristic | Funeral bell | Slender pholiota |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠ Edibility class | Funeral bell Deadly poisonous | Slender pholiota Unknown |
| ⚠ Season | Funeral bell SummerAutumnWinter | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Use | Funeral bell Not eaten | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Size | Funeral bell Small (up to 5 cm) | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Cap color | Funeral bell BrownRustyYellow | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Cap shape | Funeral bell ConvexFlatUmbonate | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Cap surface | Funeral bell SmoothSlimy | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Taste | Funeral bell Mealy taste | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Smell | Funeral bell FlouryNeutral | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Flesh color change | Funeral bell No change | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Hymenophore | Funeral bell Gilled | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Stem | Funeral bell CentralHollow | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Ring (veil) | Funeral bell Ring presentRing remnants | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Volva | Funeral bell No volva | Slender pholiota — |
| ⚠ Substrate | Funeral bell Dead woodOn woodMoss | Slender pholiota — |
| Nutrition type | Funeral bell Saprotroph | Slender pholiota Saprotroph |
| ⚠ Partner trees | Funeral bell SprucePineFirBeechBirchAspenPoplarHornbeam | Slender pholiota — |
📅 Seasonality
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Funeral bell
The cap is small, 1.5 to 5 cm across and rarely up to 7 cm. It starts convex with an inrolled margin, then opens out almost flat, sometimes with a small bump in the middle.
The colour is honey yellow, ochre or tawny brown. The surface is smooth and slightly sticky in wet weather, and the margin is translucent, so you can see the lines of the gills through it. The cap is hygrophanous: it turns noticeably paler as it dries and is often two-toned. Sheathed woodtuft changes in exactly the same way, so cap colour won't separate them.
Slender pholiota
Cap 2–8 cm across, nearly round when young, then bell-shaped, later convex to flat, sometimes with a low bump. Ocher brown to reddish brown, darker and tawny in the center, with a yellow-green margin. Surface slimy or tacky, smooth with flattened fibers; young caps have a margin fringed with yellow veil remnants.
Hymenophore
Funeral bell
The gills are attached to the stem or run slightly down it, and they are crowded and narrow. Pale ochre or yellowish at first, they turn rusty brown as the spores ripen.
The spore print is rusty brown. That rules out honey fungus and velvet shank (white prints) and sulphur tuft and conifer tuft (purple-brown to almost black). It won't rule out sheathed woodtuft, though, whose print is the same colour. The spores are warty, roughly 8–10 × 5–6 µm, clearly larger and rougher than the smooth spores of woodtuft, but that only shows under a microscope.
Slender pholiota
Gills attached or slightly running down the stem, close, sulfur yellow or pale greenish yellow when young, cinnamon brown with age, often keeping a greenish tinge. Spore print brown.
Stem
Funeral bell
The stem is slender, 2 to 7 cm long and 3 to 8 mm thick, even, and hollow with age. It is pale at the top and darkens to brown or reddish brown towards the base. Below the ring it is covered in pale silvery fibres running lengthwise, without the shaggy scales of sheathed woodtuft. White felty mycelium is visible at the base.
The ring is thin, membranous, whitish to yellowish, and soon turns brown from the spores. It's fragile: often all that's left is a brown band on the stem, and old specimens can lose it entirely. So a missing ring doesn't mean it isn't a funeral bell. There is no volva at the base.
Slender pholiota
Stem 3–8 cm tall and 0.4–1 cm thick, cylindrical, often curved, hollow when mature. Yellow above with a powdery greenish-yellow apex, browning from the base upward. Surface fibrous, with yellow fibers from a thin veil; no distinct ring.
Flesh
Funeral bell
The flesh is thin, yellowish to watery brown and darker in the stem. It doesn't change colour when cut.
Slender pholiota
Flesh yellow, soft, sometimes watery bright greenish yellow.
Smell
Funeral bell
The smell is often mealy, like fresh flour, especially when the mushroom is crushed. It can also be very faint, so field guides don't treat smell as a reliable feature, and it won't tell a funeral bell from a woodtuft.
Slender pholiota
Odor and taste mild and indistinct; one description compares the smell to freshly husked green corn.
📍 Habitats
Funeral bell
Slender pholiota
No data
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Slender pholiota and Funeral bell be mixed up?
How to tell Slender pholiota from Funeral bell?
Which is more dangerous — Slender pholiota or Funeral bell?
Is Funeral bell edible?
When do Slender pholiota and Funeral bell grow?
Sources
- [1]Index Fungorum
- [2]GBIF
- [3]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [4]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
- [5]MushroomExpert.com, Michael Kuo
- [6]Wikipedia (English)
- [7]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [8]Википедия (русская)
- [9]Prydiuk M.P. Representatives of the genus Galerina (Hymenogastraceae) with pleurocystidia in Ukraine. Ukrainian Botanical Journal, 2020, 77(4): 270–282, Prydiuk M.P. (2020)
- [10]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
- [11]Gulden G., Dunham S., Stockman J. DNA studies in the Galerina marginata complex. Mycological Research, 2001, 105(4): 432–440, Gulden G., Dunham S., Stockman J. (2001)
- [12]Enjalbert F. et al. Amatoxins in wood-rotting Galerina marginata. Mycologia, 2004, 96(4): 720–729, Enjalbert F. et al. (2004)
- [13]Vo K.T. et al. Amanita phalloides mushroom poisonings, Northern California, December 2016. MMWR, 2017, 66(21): 549–553, Vo K.T. et al. (2017)
- [14]IPCS INCHEM: Amatoxins, Poisons Information Monograph
- [15]California Department of Public Health: Foraged wild mushrooms health alert
- [16]Wikipedia (de): Gifthäubling
- [17]Wikipedia (de): Gemeines Stockschwämmchen
- [18]Landkreis Zwickau: Stubbenpilze (пам'ятка про гриби на пнях)
- [19]Species Fungorum
- [20]Smith & Hesler, The North American Species of Pholiota: Pholiota spumosa (mykoweb)
- [21]Smith & Hesler, The North American Species of Pholiota: Importance (edibility)
- [22]BioImages: Pholiota spumosa
- [23]griby.org: Pholiota spumosa