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Milking bonnet or Nitrous bonnet

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap color: Milking bonnet — grey, brown, dark brown, Nitrous bonnet — grey, brown. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: smell.

Milking bonnet (Mycena galopus)

Milking bonnet

Mycena galopus

InedibleExpert-verified
Nitrous bonnet (Mycena leptocephala)

Nitrous bonnet

Mycena leptocephala

InedibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet
Edibility class

Milking bonnet

Inedible

Nitrous bonnet

Inedible
Season

Milking bonnet

SummerAutumn

Nitrous bonnet

SummerAutumn
Use

Milking bonnet

Not eaten

Nitrous bonnet

Not eaten
Size

Milking bonnet

Very small (<3 cm)

Nitrous bonnet

Very small (<3 cm)
Cap color

Milking bonnet

GreyBrownDark brown

Nitrous bonnet

GreyBrown
Cap shape

Milking bonnet

Conical

Nitrous bonnet

Conical
Cap surface

Milking bonnet

Smooth

Nitrous bonnet

Smooth
Taste

Milking bonnet

Mild

Nitrous bonnet

Mild
Smell

Milking bonnet

Radish-likeOdorless

Nitrous bonnet

Chemical
Flesh color change

Milking bonnet

No change

Nitrous bonnet

No change
Hymenophore

Milking bonnet

Gilled

Nitrous bonnet

Gilled
Stem

Milking bonnet

Central

Nitrous bonnet

Central
Ring (veil)

Milking bonnet

No ring

Nitrous bonnet

No ring
Volva

Milking bonnet

No volva

Nitrous bonnet

No volva
Substrate

Milking bonnet

Forest litterSoil

Nitrous bonnet

Forest litterSoil
Nutrition type

Milking bonnet

Saprotroph

Nitrous bonnet

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Milking bonnet

OakBeechBirchSprucePine

Nitrous bonnet

OakBeechBirchSprucePine

📅 Seasonality

Milking bonnet

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Nitrous bonnet

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Milking bonnet

Cap 1-2.5 cm across, conical or bell-shaped, with a noticeable bump in the center and fine radial grooves from the margin to the center (a hallmark of the genus Mycena). Color gray-brown, dark gray with an olive tint, the center darker. The cap margin is thin and fragile, often splitting in old mushrooms.

Nitrous bonnet

Cap 0.5-1.5 cm across, conical or bell-shaped with a sharp little bump, with radial grooves. Color gray-brown, ash-gray, darker in the center. The surface is smooth, slightly damp in rain.

Hymenophore

Milking bonnet

Gills — whitish to pale gray, moderately distant, with noticeable cross-veins between them. Attachment to the stem notched with a small decurrent tooth. Spore print white.

Nitrous bonnet

Gills — grayish-white, distant. Attachment notched (adnexed). Spore print white.

Stem

Milking bonnet

Stem 4-8 cm tall, 0.1-0.2 cm thick — very thin, threadlike, fragile. Color grayish-white above, dark gray to brownish toward the base. The surface is smooth. When the stem is snapped, a drop of white, milky fluid oozes out — this is the species' main diagnostic feature. In old, dried-out mushrooms the juice may not appear, but a dry whitish trace remains.

Nitrous bonnet

Stem 4-7 cm tall, 0.1 cm thick — very thin, threadlike, fragile. Color grayish-white above, darker toward the base. The surface is smooth. The base often has whitish mycelium.

Flesh

Milking bonnet

Flesh very thin, watery, white. Smell faint; in some forms slightly radish-like or chlorine-like. Taste mild, unremarkable.

Nitrous bonnet

Flesh very thin, grayish-white. Does not change color when cut. Smell faint, chlorine-bleach — the main diagnostic feature.

Smell

Milking bonnet

Faint; in some populations with a note of radish or a damp cellar. Not distinctive enough for an ID.

Nitrous bonnet

Faint, chlorine-bleach, with a note of household cleaner or freshly sliced cucumber. It comes out when you rub the flesh between your fingers.

📍 Habitats

Milking bonnet

Deciduous forestMixed forestConifer forest

Nitrous bonnet

Deciduous forestMixed forestConifer forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The cap color, smell help tell them apart.
How to tell Milking bonnet from Nitrous bonnet?
The main differences: cap color: Milking bonnet — grey, brown, dark brown, Nitrous bonnet — grey, brown; smell: Milking bonnet — radish-like, odorless, Nitrous bonnet — chemical. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Nitrous bonnet edible?
Nitrous bonnet — inedible.
When do Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet grow?
Milking bonnet — August–November; Nitrous bonnet — August–November. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine