Milking bonnet or Nitrous bonnet
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap color: Milking bonnet — grey, brown, dark brown, Nitrous bonnet — grey, brown. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: smell.
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Milking bonnet
Mycena galopus

Nitrous bonnet
Mycena leptocephala
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Milking bonnet | Nitrous bonnet |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Milking bonnet Inedible | Nitrous bonnet Inedible |
| Season | Milking bonnet SummerAutumn | Nitrous bonnet SummerAutumn |
| Use | Milking bonnet Not eaten | Nitrous bonnet Not eaten |
| Size | Milking bonnet Very small (<3 cm) | Nitrous bonnet Very small (<3 cm) |
| Cap color | Milking bonnet GreyBrownDark brown | Nitrous bonnet GreyBrown |
| Cap shape | Milking bonnet Conical | Nitrous bonnet Conical |
| Cap surface | Milking bonnet Smooth | Nitrous bonnet Smooth |
| Taste | Milking bonnet Mild | Nitrous bonnet Mild |
| Smell | Milking bonnet Radish-likeOdorless | Nitrous bonnet Chemical |
| Flesh color change | Milking bonnet No change | Nitrous bonnet No change |
| Hymenophore | Milking bonnet Gilled | Nitrous bonnet Gilled |
| Stem | Milking bonnet Central | Nitrous bonnet Central |
| Ring (veil) | Milking bonnet No ring | Nitrous bonnet No ring |
| Volva | Milking bonnet No volva | Nitrous bonnet No volva |
| Substrate | Milking bonnet Forest litterSoil | Nitrous bonnet Forest litterSoil |
| Nutrition type | Milking bonnet Saprotroph | Nitrous bonnet Saprotroph |
| Partner trees | Milking bonnet OakBeechBirchSprucePine | Nitrous bonnet OakBeechBirchSprucePine |
📅 Seasonality
Milking bonnet
Fruiting season
August – November
Nitrous bonnet
Fruiting season
August – November
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Milking bonnet
Cap 1-2.5 cm across, conical or bell-shaped, with a noticeable bump in the center and fine radial grooves from the margin to the center (a hallmark of the genus Mycena). Color gray-brown, dark gray with an olive tint, the center darker. The cap margin is thin and fragile, often splitting in old mushrooms.
Nitrous bonnet
Cap 0.5-1.5 cm across, conical or bell-shaped with a sharp little bump, with radial grooves. Color gray-brown, ash-gray, darker in the center. The surface is smooth, slightly damp in rain.
Hymenophore
Milking bonnet
Gills — whitish to pale gray, moderately distant, with noticeable cross-veins between them. Attachment to the stem notched with a small decurrent tooth. Spore print white.
Nitrous bonnet
Gills — grayish-white, distant. Attachment notched (adnexed). Spore print white.
Stem
Milking bonnet
Stem 4-8 cm tall, 0.1-0.2 cm thick — very thin, threadlike, fragile. Color grayish-white above, dark gray to brownish toward the base. The surface is smooth. When the stem is snapped, a drop of white, milky fluid oozes out — this is the species' main diagnostic feature. In old, dried-out mushrooms the juice may not appear, but a dry whitish trace remains.
Nitrous bonnet
Stem 4-7 cm tall, 0.1 cm thick — very thin, threadlike, fragile. Color grayish-white above, darker toward the base. The surface is smooth. The base often has whitish mycelium.
Flesh
Milking bonnet
Flesh very thin, watery, white. Smell faint; in some forms slightly radish-like or chlorine-like. Taste mild, unremarkable.
Nitrous bonnet
Flesh very thin, grayish-white. Does not change color when cut. Smell faint, chlorine-bleach — the main diagnostic feature.
Smell
Milking bonnet
Faint; in some populations with a note of radish or a damp cellar. Not distinctive enough for an ID.
Nitrous bonnet
Faint, chlorine-bleach, with a note of household cleaner or freshly sliced cucumber. It comes out when you rub the flesh between your fingers.
📍 Habitats
Milking bonnet
Nitrous bonnet
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet be mixed up?
How to tell Milking bonnet from Nitrous bonnet?
Is Nitrous bonnet edible?
When do Milking bonnet and Nitrous bonnet grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine