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Milking bonnet or Yellowleg bonnet

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Milking bonnet and Yellowleg bonnet are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap color: Milking bonnet — grey, brown, dark brown, Yellowleg bonnet — yellow, olive. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap surface, smell, substrate.

Milking bonnet (Mycena galopus)

Milking bonnet

Mycena galopus

InedibleExpert-verified
Yellowleg bonnet (Mycena epipterygia)

Yellowleg bonnet

Mycena epipterygia

InedibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Milking bonnet and Yellowleg bonnet
Edibility class

Milking bonnet

Inedible

Yellowleg bonnet

Inedible
Season

Milking bonnet

SummerAutumn

Yellowleg bonnet

SummerAutumn
Use

Milking bonnet

Not eaten

Yellowleg bonnet

Not eaten
Size

Milking bonnet

Very small (<3 cm)

Yellowleg bonnet

Very small (<3 cm)
Cap color

Milking bonnet

GreyBrownDark brown

Yellowleg bonnet

YellowOlive
Cap shape

Milking bonnet

Conical

Yellowleg bonnet

Conical
Cap surface

Milking bonnet

Smooth

Yellowleg bonnet

Slimy
Taste

Milking bonnet

Mild

Yellowleg bonnet

Mild
Smell

Milking bonnet

Radish-likeOdorless

Yellowleg bonnet

ChemicalOdorless
Flesh color change

Milking bonnet

No change

Yellowleg bonnet

No change
Hymenophore

Milking bonnet

Gilled

Yellowleg bonnet

Gilled
Stem

Milking bonnet

Central

Yellowleg bonnet

Central
Ring (veil)

Milking bonnet

No ring

Yellowleg bonnet

No ring
Volva

Milking bonnet

No volva

Yellowleg bonnet

No volva
Substrate

Milking bonnet

Forest litterSoil

Yellowleg bonnet

Forest litterMossSoil
Nutrition type

Milking bonnet

Saprotroph

Yellowleg bonnet

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Milking bonnet

OakBeechBirchSprucePine

Yellowleg bonnet

PineSpruceFir

📅 Seasonality

Milking bonnet

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Yellowleg bonnet

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Milking bonnet

Cap 1-2.5 cm across, conical or bell-shaped, with a noticeable bump in the center and fine radial grooves from the margin to the center (a hallmark of the genus Mycena). Color gray-brown, dark gray with an olive tint, the center darker. The cap margin is thin and fragile, often splitting in old mushrooms.

Yellowleg bonnet

Cap 1-2.5 cm across, bell-shaped or conical with a little bump, becoming convex with age. Color yellowish, yellow-olive, lemon-yellow, darker in the center to brownish-yellow. The surface is noticeably slimy in wet weather — this is the species' main diagnostic feature. You can catch the slime with a fingernail and peel it off as a film. In dry weather the cap is simply shiny, without obvious sliminess. The cap margin is thin, with radial grooves.

Hymenophore

Milking bonnet

Gills — whitish to pale gray, moderately distant, with noticeable cross-veins between them. Attachment to the stem notched with a small decurrent tooth. Spore print white.

Yellowleg bonnet

Gills — whitish to pale yellowish, moderately distant. Attachment to the stem notched (adnexed). Spore print white.

Stem

Milking bonnet

Stem 4-8 cm tall, 0.1-0.2 cm thick — very thin, threadlike, fragile. Color grayish-white above, dark gray to brownish toward the base. The surface is smooth. When the stem is snapped, a drop of white, milky fluid oozes out — this is the species' main diagnostic feature. In old, dried-out mushrooms the juice may not appear, but a dry whitish trace remains.

Yellowleg bonnet

Stem 4-8 cm tall, 0.1-0.2 cm thick — very thin, threadlike, fragile, slimy in wet weather. Color yellowish above, darkening with age to yellow-brown toward the base. The surface is smooth, with a noticeable layer of slime.

Flesh

Milking bonnet

Flesh very thin, watery, white. Smell faint; in some forms slightly radish-like or chlorine-like. Taste mild, unremarkable.

Yellowleg bonnet

Flesh very thin, watery, yellowish. Does not change color when cut. Smell faint; in some populations rancid, with a note of old fat or fish. Taste mild, unremarkable.

Smell

Milking bonnet

Faint; in some populations with a note of radish or a damp cellar. Not distinctive enough for an ID.

Yellowleg bonnet

In some populations — faint, rancid, with a note of stale fish oil or old butter. Not in every find — some yellowleg bonnets have no smell at all.

📍 Habitats

Milking bonnet

Deciduous forestMixed forestConifer forest

Yellowleg bonnet

Conifer forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Milking bonnet and Yellowleg bonnet be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The cap color, cap surface, smell help tell them apart.
How to tell Milking bonnet from Yellowleg bonnet?
The main differences: cap color: Milking bonnet — grey, brown, dark brown, Yellowleg bonnet — yellow, olive; cap surface: Milking bonnet — smooth, Yellowleg bonnet — slimy; smell: Milking bonnet — radish-like, odorless, Yellowleg bonnet — chemical, odorless. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Yellowleg bonnet edible?
Yellowleg bonnet — inedible.
When do Milking bonnet and Yellowleg bonnet grow?
Milking bonnet — August–November; Yellowleg bonnet — August–November. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine