How to tell Oak milkcap from Brown rollrim
Oak milkcap and Brown rollrim look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Oak milkcap is conditionally edible, while Brown rollrim is poisonous. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Oak milkcap — no change, Brown rollrim — darkens. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: smell, cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Oak milkcap | Brown rollrim |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Oak milkcap: Conditionally edible | Brown rollrim: Poisonous |
| Use | Oak milkcap: Salting | Brown rollrim: Not eaten |
| Cap colour | Oak milkcap: Brown, Rusty, Chestnut | Brown rollrim: Brown, Olive |
| Cap shape | Oak milkcap: Convex, Depressed, Flat | Brown rollrim: Concave, Funnel-shaped |
| Cap surface | Oak milkcap: Dry, Smooth | Brown rollrim: Dry, Velvety, Slimy |
| Taste | Oak milkcap: — | Brown rollrim: Bitter |
| Smell | Oak milkcap: Unpleasant, Chemical | Brown rollrim: Sour, Fruity, Pleasant |
| Flesh colour change | Oak milkcap: No change | Brown rollrim: Darkens |
| Stem | Oak milkcap: Central, Hollow | Brown rollrim: Central, Solid |
| Substrate | Oak milkcap: Soil, Leaf litter | Brown rollrim: Soil |
| Partner trees | Oak milkcap: Oak | Brown rollrim: Birch, Aspen, Oak, Spruce, Pine |
| Growth habit | Oak milkcap: In groups, Solitary | Brown rollrim: In groups |
Same in both: season, size, hymenophore, nutrition type.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
The brown rollrim antigen makes the body produce antibodies; on repeated eating, antigen–antibody complexes settle on red blood cells and cause autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (Paxillus syndrome). Avoid completely.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: August–November
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Oak milkcap
The cap is 3 to 10 cm across, usually 4 to 8 cm, convex with an inrolled margin at first, then flattened with a shallow central dip and finally shallowly funnel-shaped; a central bump is rare.
It's a dull reddish brown, cinnamon or yellow-brown, darker in the centre, with faint darker concentric zones or rings of spots. The surface is matt and dry, though it can look a little shiny in wet weather.
Brown rollrim
Cap 5–15 cm across, convex in young mushrooms, then depressed or funnel-shaped. Surface smooth, hairy-felty in young ones, almost bare in mature ones, olive brown or yellowish brown, sticky in wet weather. The margin stays rolled under for a long time — a characteristic feature.
Hymenophore
Oak milkcap
The gills run slightly down the stem and are crowded and narrow, cream or pinkish buff at first, later reddish brown, often with rusty spots. Broken gills release plentiful white to creamy-white milk that doesn't turn bright yellow.
The spore print is cream with a slight salmon-pink tinge.
Brown rollrim
Gills crowded, thin, ochre-yellow or olive, easily separating from the flesh when pressed, browning when damaged. They run down the stem. This tendency to brown when pressed is a useful identification feature.
Stem
Oak milkcap
The stem is 3 to 7 cm tall and 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, the colour of the cap and darker reddish brown towards the base, cylindrical, often furrowed lengthways, solid at first and later hollow. There's no ring.
Brown rollrim
Stem 3–8 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, firm, solid, cylindrical or tapering downward, the same colour as the cap or slightly paler. No ring and no volva.
Flesh
Oak milkcap
The flesh is firm, brittle and whitish, reddish brown in the stem base, and browns with age.
Brown rollrim
Flesh yellowish cream or brownish, firm in young ones, looser in mature ones. Browns when damaged. Has a slightly acrid or sourish taste. Does not exude milk.
Smell
Oak milkcap
An oily smell, often said to be like bugs, strongest in old or drying caps. The taste is mild to slightly bitter, not hot.
Brown rollrim
Smell sourish and pleasant, like fruit or vinegar, especially in mature mushrooms. This neutral, even pleasant smell is exactly what helped the mushroom pass as edible for so long.
Related comparisons
Sources · 16
- [1]Index Fungorum
- [2]GBIF
- [3]Wikipedia (English)
- [4]Википедия (русская)
- [5]First Nature: Lactarius quietus, Oakbug Milkcap
- [6]First Nature: Lactarius chrysorrheus, Yellowdrop Milkcap
- [7]First Nature: Lactarius subdulcis, Mild Milkcap
- [8]First Nature: Lactarius serifluus, Watery Milkcap
- [9]Mushroom Diary (J C Harris): Oakbug Milkcap, Lactarius quietus
- [10]Forager's Calendar (John Wright): Oak milkcap
- [11]NatureSpot: Oakbug Milkcap
- [12]Wikipedia (de): Eichen-Milchling
- [13]Шульга В. М. Світ грибів України: Lactarius quietus
- [14]Wikigrib: Млечник дубовый
- [15]GBIF: знахідки Lactarius quietus в Україні
- [16]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)