Parrot waxcap or Yellowleg bonnet
Parrot waxcap and Yellowleg bonnet are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: smell: Parrot waxcap — odourless, earthy, Yellowleg bonnet — unpleasant, fishy. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap shape, size.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Parrot waxcap | Yellowleg bonnet |
|---|---|---|
| Size | Parrot waxcap: Small (up to 5 cm) | Yellowleg bonnet: Very small (<3 cm) |
| Cap colour | Parrot waxcap: Green, Yellow, Orange, Pink | Yellowleg bonnet: Yellow, Olive |
| Cap shape | Parrot waxcap: Convex, Umbonate | Yellowleg bonnet: Conical |
| Smell | Parrot waxcap: Odourless, Earthy | Yellowleg bonnet: Unpleasant, Fishy |
| Substrate | Parrot waxcap: Soil, Moss | Yellowleg bonnet: Forest litter, Moss, Soil |
| Nutrition type | Parrot waxcap: — | Yellowleg bonnet: Saprotroph |
| Partner trees | Parrot waxcap: — | Yellowleg bonnet: Pine, Spruce, Fir |
Same in both: edibility class, season, use, cap surface, taste, flesh colour change, hymenophore, stem, growth habit.
When and where they meet
Together: August–November
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Parrot waxcap
The cap is 1.5 to 4 cm across, occasionally up to 5 cm. It starts bell-shaped or hemispherical, then becomes convex and flattened, often with a low, broad bump. The margin is finely lined when wet.
The surface is coated in thick, glossy slime. Young caps are bright or dark green; the green fades from the centre outwards, leaving the cap yellow, orange-yellow, pinkish or even greyish.
Yellowleg bonnet
Cap 1-2.5 cm across, bell-shaped or conical with a little bump, becoming convex with age. It's yellowish, yellow-olive or lemon-yellow, darker in the centre, where it turns brownish-yellow. The surface is noticeably slimy in wet weather, and this is the species' main diagnostic feature: you can catch the slime with a fingernail and peel it off as a film. In dry weather the cap is just shiny, without obvious sliminess. The margin is thin, with radial grooves.
Hymenophore
Parrot waxcap
The gills are thick, broad, waxy and widely spaced, narrowly attached to the stem. They're greenish near the stem and yellow towards the cap edge, losing the green with age.
The spore print is white.
Yellowleg bonnet
Gills whitish to pale yellowish, moderately distant, notched (adnexed) where they meet the stem. Spore print white.
Stem
Parrot waxcap
The stem is 2 to 7 cm tall and 3 to 8 mm thick, smooth and slimy, with no ring. It's green at the top and yellow to orange-yellow below. It yellows with age, but the green at the top persists even on old specimens, which makes it the best feature to check.
Yellowleg bonnet
Stem 4-8 cm tall, 0.1-0.2 cm thick: very thin, threadlike, fragile, slimy in wet weather. It's yellowish above, darkening with age to yellow-brown toward the base. The surface is smooth, with a noticeable layer of slime.
Flesh
Parrot waxcap
The flesh is thin and whitish, sometimes with yellow or green spots.
Yellowleg bonnet
Flesh very thin, watery, yellowish. Does not change colour when cut. Smell faint; in some populations rancid, with a note of old fat or fish. Taste mild, unremarkable.
Smell
Parrot waxcap
The smell is faint, sometimes earthy.
Yellowleg bonnet
In some populations it's faint and rancid, with a note of stale fish oil or old butter. Not every find has it: some yellowleg bonnets have no smell at all.
Related comparisons
Sources · 18
- [1]Index Fungorum
- [2]GBIF
- [3]Wikipedia (English)
- [4]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [5]Википедия (русская)
- [6]First Nature: Gliophorus psittacinus, Parrot Waxcap
- [7]Wild Food UK: Parrot Waxcap
- [8]Kuo M., MushroomExpert: Gliophorus psittacinus
- [9]JNCC: Guidelines for the Selection of Biological SSSIs, Chapter 14 Non-lichenised fungi (Bosanquet et al. 2018), Bosanquet S. et al. (2018)
- [10]Ainsworth A.M., Cannon P.F., Dentinger B.T.M. DNA barcoding and morphological studies reveal two new species of waxcap mushrooms (Hygrophoraceae) in Britain. MycoKeys, 2013, 7: 45–62, Ainsworth A.M. et al. (2013)
- [11]Halbwachs H. et al. Hyphae of waxcap fungi colonise plant roots. Fungal Ecology, 2013, 6(6): 487–492, Halbwachs H. et al. (2013)
- [12]Gartz J. Nachweis von Tryptaminderivaten in Pilzen der Gattungen Gerronema, Hygrocybe, Psathyrella und Inocybe. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 1986, 181: 275–278, Gartz J. (1986)
- [13]Chvikov V., Prylutskyi O. Annotated checklist of Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) of Ukraine. Biodiversity, Ecology and Experimental Biology, 2020, 22(2): 6–23, Chvikov V., Prylutskyi O. (2020)
- [14]GBIF: знахідки Gliophorus psittacinus в Україні
- [15]Wikigrib: Гигрофор попугай
- [16]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [17]MycoBank Database
- [18]iNaturalist Ukraine