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White hedgehog or Terracotta hedgehog

White hedgehog and Terracotta hedgehog are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: White hedgehog — no change, Terracotta hedgehog — darkens. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap surface, cap colour, smell.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

White hedgehogTerracotta hedgehog
Comparison of characteristics: White hedgehog and Terracotta hedgehog
UseWhite hedgehog: Cook fresh, DryingTerracotta hedgehog: Cook fresh
SizeWhite hedgehog: Medium (5–15 cm)Terracotta hedgehog: Small (up to 5 cm), Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap colourWhite hedgehog: White, CreamTerracotta hedgehog: Orange, Rusty
Cap shapeWhite hedgehog: ConvexTerracotta hedgehog: Convex, Irregular, Flat
Cap surfaceWhite hedgehog: SmoothTerracotta hedgehog: Velvety, Dry
TasteWhite hedgehog: MildTerracotta hedgehog: —
SmellWhite hedgehog: PleasantTerracotta hedgehog: Odourless
Flesh colour changeWhite hedgehog: No changeTerracotta hedgehog: Darkens
StemWhite hedgehog: CentralTerracotta hedgehog: Central, Eccentric, Solid
SubstrateWhite hedgehog: Soil, Forest litterTerracotta hedgehog: Soil, Moss, Leaf litter
Partner treesWhite hedgehog: Oak, Beech, HornbeamTerracotta hedgehog: Spruce, Pine, Beech, Oak
Growth habitWhite hedgehog: In groupsTerracotta hedgehog: Solitary, In groups, In rings

Same in both: edibility class, season, hymenophore, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: September–November

Their seasons overlap: September–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: deciduous forest, mixed forest.

White hedgehog

Fruiting season

September – November

Terracotta hedgehog

Fruiting season

August – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

White hedgehog

Cap 3–12 cm, plano-convex when young; in old ones the margin is often uneven and wavy, or the cap slightly depressed. Creamy white or pale yellowish, sometimes almost pure white. Surface matte, slightly sticky in wet weather, dry and faintly rough in dry weather.

Terracotta hedgehog

The cap is 2 to 6 cm across, sometimes larger, convex then flatter, often irregular, lobed or wavy at the edge and lumpy, without a deep funnel. It often sits slightly off-centre on the stem.

The surface is dry and finely felty or velvety. It's orange-red, terracotta or brownish orange, paler towards the edge, and fades with age.

Hymenophore

White hedgehog

Instead of gills or tubes, it has distinctive soft spines (teeth) hanging from the underside of the cap. The spines are creamy white, turning yellowish with age, and 2–7 mm long. Spore print white.

Terracotta hedgehog

Instead of gills there are crowded, soft spines 2 to 5 mm long that hang like stalactites, whitish, pink or peachy, and brush off easily. They stop at the top of the stem and don't run down it.

The spore print is white.

Stem

White hedgehog

Stem 2–7 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly narrowing toward the base. Same colour as the cap or slightly paler. Surface smooth, with no ring or volva.

Terracotta hedgehog

The stem is 2 to 6 cm tall and usually 0.5 to 1.5 cm thick, solid, whitish or pinkish white, bruising orange-brown when touched or pressed, and often pointed at the base.

Flesh

White hedgehog

Flesh white, springy and juicy in young mushrooms, toughish and brittle in old ones. Does NOT change colour when cut. Texture fibrous, with a pleasant resistance under the knife.

Terracotta hedgehog

The flesh is firm, whitish with pink or salmon tones.

Smell

White hedgehog

Smell pleasant, with a nutty note (a hallmark of all Hydnum). Taste mild, sweetish in young mushrooms, possibly slightly bitter in old ones.

Terracotta hedgehog

The smell is indistinct.

Related comparisons

Sources · 18

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [7]Márquez-Sanz R. et al. Hydnum pallidum Raddi, the Correct Name for H. albidum Peck in the Sense of European Authors and the Recently Described H. reginae Kibby, Liimat. & Niskanen. Journal of Fungi, 2023, 9: 1141, Márquez-Sanz R. et al. (2023)
  • [8]Wikipedia (English)
  • [9]Википедия (русская)
  • [10]First Nature: Hydnum rufescens, Terracotta Hedgehog
  • [11]First Nature: Hydnum repandum, Wood Hedgehog
  • [12]Wild Food UK: Terracotta Hedgehog
  • [13]The Foraging Course Company: Foraging guide, Terracotta Hedgehog
  • [14]Niskanen T., Liimatainen K., Nuytinck J., Kirk P. et al. Identifying and naming the currently known diversity of the genus Hydnum, with an emphasis on European and North American taxa. Mycologia, 2018, Niskanen T., Liimatainen K., Nuytinck J., Kirk P. et al. (2018)
  • [15]Campbell D. On Eating Raw Mushrooms. Mycena News, 2008, Campbell D. (2008)
  • [16]vlisi.com.ua: Їжовик жовтий (Hydnum repandum)
  • [17]Wikigrib: Ежовик красновато-жёлтый
  • [18]GBIF: знахідки Hydnum rufescens в Україні