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How to tell Butter cap from Wood pinkgill

Wood pinkgill is poisonous
All about Butter cap
All about Wood pinkgill

Butter cap and Wood pinkgill look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Butter cap is conditionally edible, while Wood pinkgill is poisonous. The main visible difference: size: Butter cap — small (up to 5 cm), Wood pinkgill — medium (5–15 cm). If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Butter capWood pinkgill
Comparison of characteristics: Butter cap and Wood pinkgill
Edibility classButter cap: Conditionally edibleWood pinkgill: Poisonous
UseButter cap: Cook freshWood pinkgill: Not eaten
SizeButter cap: Small (up to 5 cm)Wood pinkgill: Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap colourButter cap: Brown, CreamWood pinkgill: Grey, Brown, Cream, Olive
Cap shapeButter cap: UmbonateWood pinkgill: Convex, Flat, Umbonate, Depressed
Cap surfaceButter cap: SlimyWood pinkgill: Smooth, Slimy
TasteButter cap: MildWood pinkgill: Mild, Mealy taste
SmellButter cap: OdourlessWood pinkgill: Odourless, Floury, Chemical
StemButter cap: CentralWood pinkgill: Central, Hollow
SubstrateButter cap: Forest litter, SoilWood pinkgill: Soil, Leaf litter
Nutrition typeButter cap: SaprotrophWood pinkgill: Mycorrhizal
Partner treesButter cap: Pine, Spruce, Oak, BeechWood pinkgill: Oak, Beech, Birch, Linden, Alder, Willow, Hazel
Growth habitButter cap: In groupsWood pinkgill: In groups, Solitary

Same in both: season, flesh colour change, hymenophore.

When and where they meet

Together: September–October

Their seasons overlap: September–October. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: deciduous forest, mixed forest.

Butter cap

Fruiting season

September – December

Wood pinkgill

Fruiting season

July – October

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Butter cap

The cap is 3-7 cm across, convex when young, opening out with age to flat with a small umbo in the centre (a characteristic shape). The cap skin is smooth, with a pronounced buttery-greasy sheen in wet weather, hence the name. It's strongly hygrophanous: in wet weather dark chestnut-brown in the centre and lighter toward the margin; when dry, light creamy brown to ochre and faded. The margin is even and thin, often with lengthwise striations where the gills show through.

Wood pinkgill

The cap is 3–10 cm across and fairly thin-fleshed. Young caps are convex or bell-shaped, then flatten with a low, broad bump; in old mushrooms the centre sinks slightly, leaving the bump in the middle.

The colour is grey-brown, beige, yellowish grey or olive-grey. The cap is hygrophanous: dark when wet, with faint lines at the edge, fading almost to off-white as it dries, often in patches. The surface is smooth, a little sticky in damp weather and silky-shiny when dry.

Hymenophore

Butter cap

The gills are adnate or free from the stem, crowded, thin, whitish to cream, turning cream-pink with age. The spore print is pale pink to cream, a typical trait of the genus Rhodocollybia ("pink Collybia").

Wood pinkgill

The gills are attached to the stem, sometimes running slightly down it, and moderately spaced. They are white in young mushrooms, turn pink with age and become dull pink in old ones.

The spore print is pink. This is what separates a pinkgill from grey knights, domecaps and funnels, which all leave a white print.

Stem

Butter cap

The stem is 3-7 cm tall and 0.3-0.8 cm thick, cylindrical and noticeably thickening toward the base (often with a characteristic "root" running down into the substrate). It's ochre-brownish, darker toward the base, with a smooth surface and lengthwise fibres. The stem flesh is tougher and more fibrous than the cap's.

Wood pinkgill

The stem is 4–10 cm tall and 0.5–1.5 cm thick, white or greyish, smooth and silky, with fine lengthwise fibres. It is stuffed at first, then becomes hollow and brittle and is easily crushed between your fingers.

There is no ring, no veil remnants and no volva. The very base can have a little white mycelial fluff.

Flesh

Butter cap

The flesh is thin and tender in the cap, tough and fibrous in the stem, whitish to cream, and it doesn't change colour when cut. The smell is faintly mushroomy, the taste mild and neutral, normally without bitterness.

Wood pinkgill

The flesh is white, thin and brittle, doesn't change colour when broken and has no milk. The taste is mild or mealy, not bitter.

Smell

Butter cap

Faint, neutral, mushroomy, nothing distinctive.

Wood pinkgill

The smell is indistinct or faintly of flour; in the smelly form (Entoloma nidorosum) it is sharp and chemical, like bleach or ammonia. Drying mushrooms smell unpleasant. Don't rely on smell: the edible mushrooms it is mistaken for smell of flour as well.

Related comparisons

Sources · 22

  • [1]Index Fungorum
  • [2]GBIF
  • [3]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
  • [4]MushroomExpert.com, Michael Kuo
  • [5]Wikipedia (English)
  • [6]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [7]Википедия (русская)
  • [8]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
  • [9]Wennig R. et al.: Mushroom Poisoning, Dtsch Arztebl Int 2020, Wennig R., Eyer F., Schaper A., Zilker T., Andresen-Streichert H. (2020)
  • [10]MHLW Japan: クサウラベニタケ (Entoloma rhodopolium), risk profile
  • [11]IPCS INCHEM: Inocybe, Clitocybe, Omphalotus and others (muscarine), Poisons Information Monograph G028
  • [12]Kondo K. et al. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of new Entoloma rhodopolium-related species in Japan and its identification method using PCR-RFLP. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 14942, Kondo K., Nakamura K., Ishigaki T. et al. (2017)
  • [13]Kokkonen K. New northern records of Entoloma with three new species of subgenus Rhodopolia and typification of E. nidorosum. Karstenia, 2021, 59(1–2): 55–69, Kokkonen K. (2021)
  • [14]Mycocharentes (Tanchaud 2024): Entoloma groupe rhodopolium
  • [15]BioImages: Entoloma rhodopolium
  • [16]Wikigrib: Энтолома продавленная
  • [17]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [18]MycoBank Database
  • [19]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [20]Rhodocollybia butyracea, Butter Cap mushroom, Pat O'Reilly
  • [21]Butter Cap, Wild Food UK
  • [22]Rhodocollybia butyracea (Butter Cap), NatureSpot