How to tell Butter cap from Wood pinkgill
Butter cap and Wood pinkgill look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Butter cap is conditionally edible, while Wood pinkgill is poisonous. The main visible difference: size: Butter cap — small (up to 5 cm), Wood pinkgill — medium (5–15 cm). If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Butter cap | Wood pinkgill |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Butter cap: Conditionally edible | Wood pinkgill: Poisonous |
| Use | Butter cap: Cook fresh | Wood pinkgill: Not eaten |
| Size | Butter cap: Small (up to 5 cm) | Wood pinkgill: Medium (5–15 cm) |
| Cap colour | Butter cap: Brown, Cream | Wood pinkgill: Grey, Brown, Cream, Olive |
| Cap shape | Butter cap: Umbonate | Wood pinkgill: Convex, Flat, Umbonate, Depressed |
| Cap surface | Butter cap: Slimy | Wood pinkgill: Smooth, Slimy |
| Taste | Butter cap: Mild | Wood pinkgill: Mild, Mealy taste |
| Smell | Butter cap: Odourless | Wood pinkgill: Odourless, Floury, Chemical |
| Stem | Butter cap: Central | Wood pinkgill: Central, Hollow |
| Substrate | Butter cap: Forest litter, Soil | Wood pinkgill: Soil, Leaf litter |
| Nutrition type | Butter cap: Saprotroph | Wood pinkgill: Mycorrhizal |
| Partner trees | Butter cap: Pine, Spruce, Oak, Beech | Wood pinkgill: Oak, Beech, Birch, Linden, Alder, Willow, Hazel |
| Growth habit | Butter cap: In groups | Wood pinkgill: In groups, Solitary |
Same in both: season, flesh colour change, hymenophore.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: September–October
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Butter cap
The cap is 3-7 cm across, convex when young, opening out with age to flat with a small umbo in the centre (a characteristic shape). The cap skin is smooth, with a pronounced buttery-greasy sheen in wet weather, hence the name. It's strongly hygrophanous: in wet weather dark chestnut-brown in the centre and lighter toward the margin; when dry, light creamy brown to ochre and faded. The margin is even and thin, often with lengthwise striations where the gills show through.
Wood pinkgill
The cap is 3–10 cm across and fairly thin-fleshed. Young caps are convex or bell-shaped, then flatten with a low, broad bump; in old mushrooms the centre sinks slightly, leaving the bump in the middle.
The colour is grey-brown, beige, yellowish grey or olive-grey. The cap is hygrophanous: dark when wet, with faint lines at the edge, fading almost to off-white as it dries, often in patches. The surface is smooth, a little sticky in damp weather and silky-shiny when dry.
Hymenophore
Butter cap
The gills are adnate or free from the stem, crowded, thin, whitish to cream, turning cream-pink with age. The spore print is pale pink to cream, a typical trait of the genus Rhodocollybia ("pink Collybia").
Wood pinkgill
The gills are attached to the stem, sometimes running slightly down it, and moderately spaced. They are white in young mushrooms, turn pink with age and become dull pink in old ones.
The spore print is pink. This is what separates a pinkgill from grey knights, domecaps and funnels, which all leave a white print.
Stem
Butter cap
The stem is 3-7 cm tall and 0.3-0.8 cm thick, cylindrical and noticeably thickening toward the base (often with a characteristic "root" running down into the substrate). It's ochre-brownish, darker toward the base, with a smooth surface and lengthwise fibres. The stem flesh is tougher and more fibrous than the cap's.
Wood pinkgill
The stem is 4–10 cm tall and 0.5–1.5 cm thick, white or greyish, smooth and silky, with fine lengthwise fibres. It is stuffed at first, then becomes hollow and brittle and is easily crushed between your fingers.
There is no ring, no veil remnants and no volva. The very base can have a little white mycelial fluff.
Flesh
Butter cap
The flesh is thin and tender in the cap, tough and fibrous in the stem, whitish to cream, and it doesn't change colour when cut. The smell is faintly mushroomy, the taste mild and neutral, normally without bitterness.
Wood pinkgill
The flesh is white, thin and brittle, doesn't change colour when broken and has no milk. The taste is mild or mealy, not bitter.
Smell
Butter cap
Faint, neutral, mushroomy, nothing distinctive.
Wood pinkgill
The smell is indistinct or faintly of flour; in the smelly form (Entoloma nidorosum) it is sharp and chemical, like bleach or ammonia. Drying mushrooms smell unpleasant. Don't rely on smell: the edible mushrooms it is mistaken for smell of flour as well.
Related comparisons
Sources · 22
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- [2]GBIF
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- [4]MushroomExpert.com, Michael Kuo
- [5]Wikipedia (English)
- [6]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [7]Википедия (русская)
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- [12]Kondo K. et al. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of new Entoloma rhodopolium-related species in Japan and its identification method using PCR-RFLP. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 14942, Kondo K., Nakamura K., Ishigaki T. et al. (2017)
- [13]Kokkonen K. New northern records of Entoloma with three new species of subgenus Rhodopolia and typification of E. nidorosum. Karstenia, 2021, 59(1–2): 55–69, Kokkonen K. (2021)
- [14]Mycocharentes (Tanchaud 2024): Entoloma groupe rhodopolium
- [15]BioImages: Entoloma rhodopolium
- [16]Wikigrib: Энтолома продавленная
- [17]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [18]MycoBank Database
- [19]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [20]Rhodocollybia butyracea, Butter Cap mushroom, Pat O'Reilly
- [21]Butter Cap, Wild Food UK
- [22]Rhodocollybia butyracea (Butter Cap), NatureSpot