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Partner trees

Linden

Poplar fieldcap (Cyclocybe aegerita)

The linden (Tilia) is a tree we associate with a honeyed scent and deep shade. Pure linden woods aren't the most popular spots for porcini hunting, but this tree has its own unique mycological secrets.

5 species in the database.

The linden's mycorrhizal partnerships

Unlike the maple, the linden can form ectomycorrhiza with macromycetes. However, as M. Ya. Zerova notes in her "Key to the Fungi of Ukraine," the linden's range of fungal partners is much narrower than that of the oak or birch, and they turn up less often.

Roger Phillips and David Arora mention the following mycorrhizal ties of the linden in their works:

1. Hazel bolete - Leccinum carpini: Although its main partner is the hornbeam, this mushroom with a "hammered" cap and blackening flesh sometimes forms a successful symbiosis with the linden. Some mycologists even distinguish a particular form of this bolete associated with this tree.

2. Suillellus boletes: Under old lindens on limestone soils you can sometimes find bluing pored mushrooms (for example, the scarletina bolete).

3. Brittlegills (Russula) and webcaps (Cortinarius): The linden supports an extensive mycorrhiza with many species of these genera.

Important: the linden is a potential partner tree for the death cap (Amanita phalloides). So green brittlegills in a linden wood must be picked with the utmost care, checking for a volva.

Linden as a substrate for saprotrophs

The linden's real value for a forager lies not in the soil, but in its wood. Linden wood is very soft and light and rots quickly, which makes it an ideal incubator for wood-decaying fungi (saprotrophs).

- Velvet shank (Flammulina velutipes): The linden is one of the velvet shank's favorite trees. From late autumn to spring, fallen linden trunks in parks and forests are often completely covered with the golden caps of Flammulina.

- Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus): Old lindens with hollows and dead branches often become home to massive colonies of oyster mushrooms.

- Dryad's saddle (Polyporus squamosus): As on many other broadleaf trees, this mushroom can grow in large numbers on lindens in spring.

Questions and answers

Do porcini grow under lindens?
It's extremely rare. Porcini (Boletus edulis) and its relatives prefer oak, beech, pine and birch. In pure linden stands you're practically never going to find porcini.
Why do velvet shanks appear so quickly on a fallen linden?
Linden wood is extraordinarily soft and porous (that's exactly why it's used for barrels and carving figurines). It's very easy and fast for the mycelium of wood-decaying fungi (such as the velvet shank or oyster mushroom) to penetrate its structure and break down the cellulose.
Can you mistake a velvet shank on a linden for a poisonous mushroom?
Yes, there is a risk of confusing it with the funeral bell (Galerina marginata), which is deadly poisonous. The key differences: the velvet shank (Flammulina) has a slimy yellow-orange cap and a dark velvety stem with no ring, and it grows mostly in cold weather. Galerina has a dryish ocher cap and a brown ring on the stem, and it grows in autumn.
What mushroom can you grow at home on a linden stump?
Linden logs are one of the best substrates for growing oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus) or shiitake (Lentinula edodes) at home. Thanks to the softness of the wood, the harvest appears very quickly.

Sources

  1. 1.Зерова М.Я. та ін. Визначник грибів України. 1979
  2. 2.Roger Phillips. Mushrooms (Roger Phillips)
  3. 3.David Arora. Mushrooms Demystified
  4. 4.Index Fungorum