Charbonnier or Giant knight
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Charbonnier and Giant knight are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Charbonnier — autumn, Giant knight — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap shape.

Charbonnier
Tricholoma portentosum

Giant knight
Tricholoma colossus
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Charbonnier | Giant knight |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Charbonnier Edible | Giant knight Edible |
| Season | Charbonnier Autumn | Giant knight SummerAutumn |
| Use | Charbonnier Cook freshPicklingDrying | Giant knight Cook freshPicklingDrying |
| Size | Charbonnier Medium (5–15 cm) | Giant knight Large (over 15 cm) |
| Cap color | Charbonnier GreyVioletOlive | Giant knight PinkBrown |
| Cap shape | Charbonnier Umbonate | Giant knight Convex |
| Cap surface | Charbonnier Fibrous | Giant knight Smooth |
| Taste | Charbonnier Mild | Giant knight Mild |
| Smell | Charbonnier FlouryPleasant | Giant knight FlouryPleasant |
| Flesh color change | Charbonnier No change | Giant knight Reddening |
| Hymenophore | Charbonnier Gilled | Giant knight Gilled |
| Stem | Charbonnier Central | Giant knight Central |
| Ring (veil) | Charbonnier No ring | Giant knight No ring |
| Volva | Charbonnier No volva | Giant knight No volva |
| Substrate | Charbonnier Soil | Giant knight Soil |
| Nutrition type | Charbonnier Mycorrhizal | Giant knight Mycorrhizal |
| Partner trees | Charbonnier PineSpruce | Giant knight Pine |
📅 Seasonality
Charbonnier
Fruiting season
October – November
Giant knight
Fruiting season
August – October
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Charbonnier
Cap 5-12 cm across, when young bell-shaped or convex-conical, becoming with age flat-convex with a low, broad bump in the center. The skin is smooth, slightly slimy in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather. Color: gray-violet, gray-greenish, olive-gray, darker in the center, with distinct fine dark radial fibrous streaks — a diagnostic feature. The margin is even, slightly wavy in old caps, inrolled in young ones.
Giant knight
Cap 15-25 cm across (in exceptional cases up to 30 cm), very meaty, firm. In young specimens convex-globular with an inrolled margin, becoming with age cushion-convex, with a slightly wavy margin. The cap skin is smooth, matte and dry when young, slightly shiny when mature. Color: flesh-pink to brownish-pink, brown-pink, darker ochre-chestnut in the center, paler toward the margin. In old fruit bodies it becomes brown-chestnut.
Hymenophore
Charbonnier
Gilled hymenophore — the gills are notched (sinuate) where they attach to the stem, moderately crowded, fleshy. When young they are whitish with a faint yellowish tinge, becoming with age creamy-yellowish, especially toward the edge. The yellowish tone of the gills is a diagnostic feature. Spore print white.
Giant knight
Gilled hymenophore — the gills are notched-attached to the stem, crowded, fleshy. When young they are whitish, becoming with age cream-pink to flesh-pink. Spore print white.
Stem
Charbonnier
Stem 5-10 cm tall, 1.5-2.5 cm thick, firm, fleshy, cylindrical. Color: whitish with a characteristic yellowish tinge, especially toward the base. Surface smooth with fine lengthwise fibers. No ring.
Giant knight
Stem 8-15 cm tall, 3-5 cm thick, very sturdy, meaty, cylindrical, thickening toward the base, in older specimens with a small bulbous swelling at the base. Color: whitish in the upper part, brownish-pink below, matching the cap color. Surface smooth, with lengthwise fibers. No ring.
Flesh
Charbonnier
Flesh firm, white in the cap, white with a yellowish tinge in the stem. Does not change color when cut — it does not turn pink (unlike T. saponaceum) and does not darken. Smell distinctly mealy-cucumber, taste mild, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of flour, no bitterness.
Giant knight
Flesh firm, meaty, white, where cut it slowly turns pinkish (in some fruit bodies) — a weak reaction. Smell pronounced, pleasant and mushroomy with a note of flour, taste mild, pleasant, with no bitterness.
Smell
Charbonnier
A distinct, pleasant mealy-cucumber smell — like freshly ground flour with a note of fresh cucumbers. A diagnostic feature, clear when you cut it.
Giant knight
A pronounced, pleasant mushroomy-mealy smell, like many good-quality knights.
📍 Habitats
Charbonnier
Giant knight
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Charbonnier and Giant knight be mixed up?
How to tell Charbonnier from Giant knight?
Is Giant knight edible?
When do Charbonnier and Giant knight grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine