Jelly ear or Witches' butter
Jelly ear and Witches' butter are similar species: Jelly ear is edible, while Witches' butter is inedible. Compare the colour and shape of the cap, the stem, the flesh and the smell, as well as the season and habitat — details in the table below.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Jelly ear | Witches' butter |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Jelly ear: Edible | Witches' butter: Inedible |
| Season | Jelly ear: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter | Witches' butter: Spring, Autumn, Winter |
| Use | Jelly ear: Cook fresh, Drying | Witches' butter: Not eaten |
| Colour | Jelly ear: Brown, Dark brown, Violet | Witches' butter: Black, Dark brown |
| Taste | Jelly ear: Mild | Witches' butter: — |
| Substrate | Jelly ear: Dead wood, Living tree | Witches' butter: Dead wood, On wood |
| Partner trees | Jelly ear: Oak | Witches' butter: Oak, Hornbeam, Beech |
Same in both: size, smell, flesh colour change, nutrition type, growth habit.
When and where they meet
Together: January–April, November–December
Their seasons overlap: January–April, November–December. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: deciduous forest, mixed forest.
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Jelly ear
The fruiting body is ear-shaped, cup-shaped or wavy, 2–10 cm across, attached at the side to the wood. The inner (lower) surface is smooth, dark greyish-violet to brown; the outer (upper) surface is paler, with a fine felty down. Young, it's gelatinous and springy; dried, it turns hard and dark, and once wet again it regains its shape and elasticity.
Witches' butter
Fresh fruit bodies are jelly-like and rubbery, button-shaped or pressed flat at first and attached at a narrow point, sometimes with a short stalk-like base, then top-shaped or almost cup-shaped, usually 1 to 5 cm across. They grow singly or in groups and sometimes partly fuse.
They're dark grey to brownish grey, later brownish black, almost black. The upper surface is uneven and dotted with small black pegs.
Hymenophore
Jelly ear
The spore-bearing layer is on the lower (concave) surface of the fruiting body, smooth or with barely visible wavy folds. Spore print white.
Witches' butter
The spores form on the pegged upper surface. The underside is sterile and felty, covered in dense blackish hairs.
The spore print is white.
Stem
Jelly ear
There's no stem, or only a very short lateral one, a small bump at the base of the cup. The body is attached directly to tree bark or wood.
Witches' butter
There's no true stem: it's attached to the bark at a narrow point or by a short base.
Flesh
Jelly ear
The flesh is gelatinous, translucent brown and very elastic when moist: it bends rather than breaks. Dried, it shrinks 5–10 times in volume and becomes as hard as leather. Fresh, it keeps 2–3 days in the fridge.
Witches' butter
The flesh is jelly-like, soft to fairly firm, watery olive-grey to greyish brown. In dry weather it shrinks to a thin black crust, then swells again after rain.
Smell
Jelly ear
The smell is faint, neutral, with no distinct notes. The taste is bland — the mushroom takes on the flavour of seasonings and sauces.
Witches' butter
The smell is indistinct.
Related comparisons
Sources · 14
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [7]Wikipedia (English)
- [8]Википедия (русская)
- [9]Spirin V., Malysheva V., Schoutteten N. et al. Exidia and Exidiopsis (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota): a reconsideration. IMA Fungus, 2026, 17: e189042, Spirin V., Malysheva V., Schoutteten N. et al. (2026)
- [10]First Nature: Exidia glandulosa, Witches' Butter
- [11]First Nature: Exidia nigricans, Warlock's Butter
- [12]First Nature: Bulgaria inquinans, Black Bulgar
- [13]Emberger G., MushroomExpert (Fungi on Wood): Exidia glandulosa
- [14]Wikipedia (de): Stoppeliger Drüsling