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Scaly knight or Red banded webcap

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Scaly knight and Red banded webcap are similar species: Scaly knight is conditionally edible, while Red banded webcap is inedible. The main visible difference: use: Scaly knight — cook fresh, Red banded webcap — not eaten. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap shape.

Red banded webcap (Cortinarius armillatus)

Red banded webcap

Cortinarius armillatus

InedibleExpert-verified

Scaly knight

Tricholoma vaccinum

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Red banded webcap and Scaly knight
Edibility class

Red banded webcap

Inedible

Scaly knight

Conditionally edible
Season

Red banded webcap

SummerAutumn

Scaly knight

SummerAutumn
Use

Red banded webcap

Not eaten

Scaly knight

Cook fresh
Size

Red banded webcap

Medium (5–15 cm)

Scaly knight

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Red banded webcap

BrownRedOrange

Scaly knight

RedBrown
Cap shape

Red banded webcap

Convex

Scaly knight

Umbonate
Cap surface

Red banded webcap

Fibrous

Scaly knight

Scaly
Taste

Red banded webcap

Unknown

Scaly knight

Bitter
Smell

Red banded webcap

Odorless

Scaly knight

Floury
Flesh color change

Red banded webcap

No change

Scaly knight

Reddening
Hymenophore

Red banded webcap

Gilled

Scaly knight

Gilled
Stem

Red banded webcap

Central

Scaly knight

Central
Ring (veil)

Red banded webcap

Ring remnants

Scaly knight

No ring
Volva

Red banded webcap

No volva

Scaly knight

No volva
Substrate

Red banded webcap

Soil

Scaly knight

Soil
Nutrition type

Red banded webcap

Mycorrhizal

Scaly knight

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Red banded webcap

Birch

Scaly knight

PineSpruce

📅 Seasonality

Red banded webcap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – October

Scaly knight

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Red banded webcap

Cap 5-12 cm across, hemispherical with an inrolled margin in young mushrooms, later becoming convex with a low umbo. Color red-brown, brick, russet-brown, with a pinkish tint when young. Surface velvety and dryish, with fine radial fibers. The cap margin is thin, with pinkish veil remnants in young mushrooms.

Scaly knight

Cap 3-8 cm across, when young distinctly conical or bell-shaped, becoming with age flat-conical with a low, broad umbo. The cap skin is dry, fibrous-scaly with distinctly raised fine scales, especially toward the margin (where the scales are often curled back). Color rusty chestnut-red, with a darker center and a paler margin, slightly darker in wet weather. The margin is inrolled when young, with felty veil remnants.

Hymenophore

Red banded webcap

Gills — attached to the stem, moderately spaced. In young mushrooms light pinkish brown, becoming with age rusty brown, dark brick as the spore powder ripens. Spore print rusty brown. In young mushrooms the gills are covered by a cobweb-like partial veil (cortina).

Scaly knight

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are sinuately attached to the stem, moderately crowded, fleshy. When young — whitish, becoming with age cream-colored with distinct rusty spots on the edges and surface — a characteristic feature. Spore print white.

Stem

Red banded webcap

Stem 8-15 cm tall, 1-2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, long, thickened toward the base. Color brownish cream, with 2-4 distinct red-orange ring-like "bracelet" bands on the lower half — the diagnostic feature of the species. The surface has fine lengthwise fibers. Near the top there is a faint band left by the cobwebby cortina.

Scaly knight

Stem 4-8 cm tall, 0.7-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, hollow inside when old. Color whitish at the top, brownish-chestnut and scaly-fibrous below. The surface is dry and fibrous, with characteristic raised scales similar to those on the cap. No ring.

Flesh

Red banded webcap

Flesh firm, brownish cream. When cut, it does not change color. Smell faint; in some populations with a hint of radish.

Scaly knight

Flesh thin, brittle, whitish to cream; where cut it turns pinkish or slowly takes on a brownish-red tint. Smell faintly mealy or unpleasantly musty, taste distinctly bitterish and astringent.

Smell

Red banded webcap

Faint and neutral; in some populations with a subtle radish or resinous note.

Scaly knight

Faintly mealy with a hint of rotting wood, not especially pleasant.

📍 Habitats

Red banded webcap

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Scaly knight

Conifer forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Scaly knight and Red banded webcap be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The use, size, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Scaly knight from Red banded webcap?
The main differences: use: Scaly knight — cook fresh, Red banded webcap — not eaten; size: Scaly knight — small (up to 5 cm), Red banded webcap — medium (5–15 cm); cap color: Scaly knight — red, brown, Red banded webcap — brown, red, orange. As for edibility: Scaly knight is conditionally edible, Red banded webcap is inedible. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Red banded webcap edible?
Red banded webcap — inedible.
When do Scaly knight and Red banded webcap grow?
Scaly knight — August–November; Red banded webcap — August–October.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine