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How to tell Giant knight from Tacked knight

Tacked knight is poisonous

Giant knight and Tacked knight look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Giant knight is edible, while Tacked knight is poisonous. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Giant knight — reddening, Tacked knight — darkens. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Giant knightTacked knight
Comparison of characteristics: Giant knight and Tacked knight
Edibility classGiant knight: EdibleTacked knight: Poisonous
UseGiant knight: Cook fresh, Pickling, DryingTacked knight: Not eaten
SizeGiant knight: Large (over 15 cm)Tacked knight: Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap colourGiant knight: Pink, BrownTacked knight: Brown, Chestnut, Dark brown, Mottled
Cap shapeGiant knight: ConvexTacked knight: Convex, Flat, Depressed
Cap surfaceGiant knight: SmoothTacked knight: Slimy, Smooth
TasteGiant knight: MildTacked knight: Mealy taste, Bitter
SmellGiant knight: Floury, PleasantTacked knight: Floury
Flesh colour changeGiant knight: ReddeningTacked knight: Darkens
StemGiant knight: CentralTacked knight: Central, Solid
SubstrateGiant knight: SoilTacked knight: Soil, Conifer needle litter
Partner treesGiant knight: PineTacked knight: Pine, Spruce, Fir

Same in both: season, hymenophore, nutrition type, growth habit.

When and where they meet

Together: August–October

Their seasons overlap: August–October. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Shared habitats: conifer forest.

Giant knight

Fruiting season

August – October

Tacked knight

Fruiting season

August – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Giant knight

The cap is 15-25 cm across (exceptionally up to 30 cm), very meaty and firm. Young caps are convex to almost globular with an inrolled margin, becoming cushion-shaped with a slightly wavy margin with age. The skin is smooth, matte and dry when young, slightly shiny when mature. The colour runs from flesh-pink to brownish-pink or brown-pink, darker ochre-chestnut in the centre and paler toward the margin. Old fruit bodies turn brown-chestnut.

Tacked knight

The cap is 5–15 cm across. Young caps are hemispherical to convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten out, sometimes with a shallow dip in the centre when old, and the edge can be wavy. The surface is smooth, without obvious radial fibres, slimy and shiny when wet and tacky when dry.

The colour is reddish brown, chestnut or yellowish brown, paler and greyish pink towards the margin, which isn't grooved. The cap often has small dark yellowish brown spots that look like dried drops, but some caps have none.

Hymenophore

Giant knight

The gills are notched where they meet the stem, crowded and fleshy. They start whitish and turn cream-pink to flesh-pink with age. The spore print is white.

Tacked knight

The gills are white or cream, later pale brownish, crowded and notched or attached by a tooth at the stem. On old fruit bodies, and where they've been knocked, they develop rusty brown spots.

The spore print is white.

Stem

Giant knight

The stem is 8-15 cm tall and 3-5 cm thick, very sturdy, meaty and cylindrical, thickening toward the base; older ones have a small bulbous swelling at the base. It is whitish at the top and brownish-pink lower down, matching the cap. The surface is smooth, with lengthwise fibres. There is no ring.

Tacked knight

The stem is 3–8 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the base, firm, and may become hollow with age. It's white, smooth or faintly fibrous, slowly browns with handling and age, and is rusty brown at the base.

There is no ring, no ring zone and no volva. Nor is there a sharply defined white band at the top of the stem; that's more typical of Tricholoma albobrunneum.

Flesh

Giant knight

The flesh is firm, meaty and white, and in some fruit bodies it slowly turns pinkish where cut, a weak reaction. The smell is pronounced, pleasant and mushroomy with a note of flour, and the taste is mild and pleasant, with no bitterness.

Tacked knight

The flesh is white and firm, sometimes brownish under the cap skin and at the stem base. It doesn't change colour noticeably when cut but slowly browns after long handling. The taste is mealy with a slight bitterness.

Smell

Giant knight

A pronounced, pleasant mushroomy-mealy smell, like many good-quality knights.

Tacked knight

The smell is mealy, like fresh flour; some authors describe it as stale, sourish flour. It doesn't help with identification, because the edible poplar and matt knights smell of meal too.

Related comparisons

Sources · 17

  • [1]GBIF
  • [2]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [3]Wikipedia (English)
  • [4]Wikipedia (polska)
  • [5]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
  • [6]Funga Nordica: Tricholoma (Christensen & Heilmann-Clausen 2008), Christensen M., Heilmann-Clausen J. (2008)
  • [7]Heilmann-Clausen J. et al. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 2017, 38: 38–57, Heilmann-Clausen J., Christensen M., Frøslev T.G., Kjøller R. (2017)
  • [8]Wikipedia (ru): Рядовка пятнистая
  • [9]Wikigrib: Рядовка пятнистая
  • [10]Suber N. Vergiftungen mit braunen Ritterlingen. Westfälische Pilzbriefe, Bd. 1, Heft 12, Suber N.
  • [11]Graeme K.A. Mycetism: a review of the recent literature. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014, 10(2): 173–189, Graeme K.A. (2014)
  • [12]Diaz J.H. Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings. Critical Care Medicine, 2005, 33(2): 427–436, Diaz J.H. (2005)
  • [13]Bioimages: Tricholoma pessundatum (Tacked Knight)
  • [14]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [15]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [16]MycoBank Database
  • [17]Index Fungorum