How to tell Giant knight from Tacked knight
Giant knight and Tacked knight look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Giant knight is edible, while Tacked knight is poisonous. The main visible difference: flesh colour change: Giant knight — reddening, Tacked knight — darkens. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Giant knight | Tacked knight |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Giant knight: Edible | Tacked knight: Poisonous |
| Use | Giant knight: Cook fresh, Pickling, Drying | Tacked knight: Not eaten |
| Size | Giant knight: Large (over 15 cm) | Tacked knight: Medium (5–15 cm) |
| Cap colour | Giant knight: Pink, Brown | Tacked knight: Brown, Chestnut, Dark brown, Mottled |
| Cap shape | Giant knight: Convex | Tacked knight: Convex, Flat, Depressed |
| Cap surface | Giant knight: Smooth | Tacked knight: Slimy, Smooth |
| Taste | Giant knight: Mild | Tacked knight: Mealy taste, Bitter |
| Smell | Giant knight: Floury, Pleasant | Tacked knight: Floury |
| Flesh colour change | Giant knight: Reddening | Tacked knight: Darkens |
| Stem | Giant knight: Central | Tacked knight: Central, Solid |
| Substrate | Giant knight: Soil | Tacked knight: Soil, Conifer needle litter |
| Partner trees | Giant knight: Pine | Tacked knight: Pine, Spruce, Fir |
Same in both: season, hymenophore, nutrition type, growth habit.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: August–October
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Giant knight
The cap is 15-25 cm across (exceptionally up to 30 cm), very meaty and firm. Young caps are convex to almost globular with an inrolled margin, becoming cushion-shaped with a slightly wavy margin with age. The skin is smooth, matte and dry when young, slightly shiny when mature. The colour runs from flesh-pink to brownish-pink or brown-pink, darker ochre-chestnut in the centre and paler toward the margin. Old fruit bodies turn brown-chestnut.
Tacked knight
The cap is 5–15 cm across. Young caps are hemispherical to convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten out, sometimes with a shallow dip in the centre when old, and the edge can be wavy. The surface is smooth, without obvious radial fibres, slimy and shiny when wet and tacky when dry.
The colour is reddish brown, chestnut or yellowish brown, paler and greyish pink towards the margin, which isn't grooved. The cap often has small dark yellowish brown spots that look like dried drops, but some caps have none.
Hymenophore
Giant knight
The gills are notched where they meet the stem, crowded and fleshy. They start whitish and turn cream-pink to flesh-pink with age. The spore print is white.
Tacked knight
The gills are white or cream, later pale brownish, crowded and notched or attached by a tooth at the stem. On old fruit bodies, and where they've been knocked, they develop rusty brown spots.
The spore print is white.
Stem
Giant knight
The stem is 8-15 cm tall and 3-5 cm thick, very sturdy, meaty and cylindrical, thickening toward the base; older ones have a small bulbous swelling at the base. It is whitish at the top and brownish-pink lower down, matching the cap. The surface is smooth, with lengthwise fibres. There is no ring.
Tacked knight
The stem is 3–8 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the base, firm, and may become hollow with age. It's white, smooth or faintly fibrous, slowly browns with handling and age, and is rusty brown at the base.
There is no ring, no ring zone and no volva. Nor is there a sharply defined white band at the top of the stem; that's more typical of Tricholoma albobrunneum.
Flesh
Giant knight
The flesh is firm, meaty and white, and in some fruit bodies it slowly turns pinkish where cut, a weak reaction. The smell is pronounced, pleasant and mushroomy with a note of flour, and the taste is mild and pleasant, with no bitterness.
Tacked knight
The flesh is white and firm, sometimes brownish under the cap skin and at the stem base. It doesn't change colour noticeably when cut but slowly browns after long handling. The taste is mealy with a slight bitterness.
Smell
Giant knight
A pronounced, pleasant mushroomy-mealy smell, like many good-quality knights.
Tacked knight
The smell is mealy, like fresh flour; some authors describe it as stale, sourish flour. It doesn't help with identification, because the edible poplar and matt knights smell of meal too.
Related comparisons
Sources · 17
- [1]GBIF
- [2]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [3]Wikipedia (English)
- [4]Wikipedia (polska)
- [5]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
- [6]Funga Nordica: Tricholoma (Christensen & Heilmann-Clausen 2008), Christensen M., Heilmann-Clausen J. (2008)
- [7]Heilmann-Clausen J. et al. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 2017, 38: 38–57, Heilmann-Clausen J., Christensen M., Frøslev T.G., Kjøller R. (2017)
- [8]Wikipedia (ru): Рядовка пятнистая
- [9]Wikigrib: Рядовка пятнистая
- [10]Suber N. Vergiftungen mit braunen Ritterlingen. Westfälische Pilzbriefe, Bd. 1, Heft 12, Suber N.
- [11]Graeme K.A. Mycetism: a review of the recent literature. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014, 10(2): 173–189, Graeme K.A. (2014)
- [12]Diaz J.H. Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings. Critical Care Medicine, 2005, 33(2): 427–436, Diaz J.H. (2005)
- [13]Bioimages: Tricholoma pessundatum (Tacked Knight)
- [14]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [15]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [16]MycoBank Database
- [17]Index Fungorum