Support MycoNote →

MycoNote

How to tell Poplar knight from Tacked knight

Tacked knight is poisonous
All about Poplar knight
All about Tacked knight

Poplar knight and Tacked knight look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Poplar knight is conditionally edible, while Tacked knight is poisonous. The main visible difference: partner trees: Poplar knight — aspen, Tacked knight — pine, spruce, fir. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Not sure? Identify by photo

Side by side

Poplar knightTacked knight
Comparison of characteristics: Poplar knight and Tacked knight
Edibility classPoplar knight: Conditionally edibleTacked knight: Poisonous
UsePoplar knight: Cook fresh, PicklingTacked knight: Not eaten
Cap colourPoplar knight: Red, BrownTacked knight: Brown, Chestnut, Dark brown, Mottled
Cap shapePoplar knight: ConvexTacked knight: Convex, Flat, Depressed
Cap surfacePoplar knight: SlimyTacked knight: Slimy, Smooth
TastePoplar knight: BitterTacked knight: Mealy taste, Bitter
StemPoplar knight: CentralTacked knight: Central, Solid
SubstratePoplar knight: SoilTacked knight: Soil, Conifer needle litter
Partner treesPoplar knight: AspenTacked knight: Pine, Spruce, Fir
Growth habitPoplar knight: In groups, In ringsTacked knight: In groups, Solitary

Same in both: season, size, smell, flesh colour change, hymenophore, nutrition type.

When and where they meet

Together: September–November

Their seasons overlap: September–November. At that time you can find both in the same woods. Our cards list no shared habitats.

Poplar knight

Fruiting season

September – November

Tacked knight

Fruiting season

August – November

What they look like

Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell

Cap

Poplar knight

The cap is 5-12 cm across, convex with an inrolled margin when young, later becoming flat and spread out with a slightly wavy margin. The skin is finely fibrous or smooth; slimy and sticky in wet weather, dry and matte when it's dry. The colour is reddish chestnut or reddish orange, richer at the centre and paler toward the margin. Old caps turn brownish chestnut with small cracks. The margin is even, with lengthwise grooves in damp conditions.

Tacked knight

The cap is 5–15 cm across. Young caps are hemispherical to convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten out, sometimes with a shallow dip in the centre when old, and the edge can be wavy. The surface is smooth, without obvious radial fibres, slimy and shiny when wet and tacky when dry.

The colour is reddish brown, chestnut or yellowish brown, paler and greyish pink towards the margin, which isn't grooved. The cap often has small dark yellowish brown spots that look like dried drops, but some caps have none.

Hymenophore

Poplar knight

The gills are notched (emarginate) where they meet the stem, moderately crowded and fleshy. They start out whitish and age to cream with rusty spots along the edges. Spore print white.

Tacked knight

The gills are white or cream, later pale brownish, crowded and notched or attached by a tooth at the stem. On old fruit bodies, and where they've been knocked, they develop rusty brown spots.

The spore print is white.

Stem

Poplar knight

The stem is 5-10 cm tall and 1-2.5 cm thick, firm and cylindrical, thickening toward the base when young. It's whitish at the top and brownish lower down, with ochre-chestnut spots, and smooth with lengthwise fibres. No ring.

Tacked knight

The stem is 3–8 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the base, firm, and may become hollow with age. It's white, smooth or faintly fibrous, slowly browns with handling and age, and is rusty brown at the base.

There is no ring, no ring zone and no volva. Nor is there a sharply defined white band at the top of the stem; that's more typical of Tricholoma albobrunneum.

Flesh

Poplar knight

The flesh is firm and white, and where cut it slowly takes on a creamy brownish tint. The smell is faintly mealy; the taste is mild at first, then bitterish and mealy, with the typical Tricholoma aftertaste.

Tacked knight

The flesh is white and firm, sometimes brownish under the cap skin and at the stem base. It doesn't change colour noticeably when cut but slowly browns after long handling. The taste is mealy with a slight bitterness.

Smell

Poplar knight

Faintly mealy, with a hint of fresh cucumber — typical of many knights.

Tacked knight

The smell is mealy, like fresh flour; some authors describe it as stale, sourish flour. It doesn't help with identification, because the edible poplar and matt knights smell of meal too.

Related comparisons

Sources · 17

  • [1]GBIF
  • [2]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [3]Wikipedia (English)
  • [4]Wikipedia (polska)
  • [5]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
  • [6]Funga Nordica: Tricholoma (Christensen & Heilmann-Clausen 2008), Christensen M., Heilmann-Clausen J. (2008)
  • [7]Heilmann-Clausen J. et al. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 2017, 38: 38–57, Heilmann-Clausen J., Christensen M., Frøslev T.G., Kjøller R. (2017)
  • [8]Wikipedia (ru): Рядовка пятнистая
  • [9]Wikigrib: Рядовка пятнистая
  • [10]Suber N. Vergiftungen mit braunen Ritterlingen. Westfälische Pilzbriefe, Bd. 1, Heft 12, Suber N.
  • [11]Graeme K.A. Mycetism: a review of the recent literature. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014, 10(2): 173–189, Graeme K.A. (2014)
  • [12]Diaz J.H. Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings. Critical Care Medicine, 2005, 33(2): 427–436, Diaz J.H. (2005)
  • [13]Bioimages: Tricholoma pessundatum (Tacked Knight)
  • [14]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [15]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [16]MycoBank Database
  • [17]Index Fungorum