How to tell Poplar knight from Tacked knight
Poplar knight and Tacked knight look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Poplar knight is conditionally edible, while Tacked knight is poisonous. The main visible difference: partner trees: Poplar knight — aspen, Tacked knight — pine, spruce, fir. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.
Not sure? Identify by photoSide by side
| Characteristic | Poplar knight | Tacked knight |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Poplar knight: Conditionally edible | Tacked knight: Poisonous |
| Use | Poplar knight: Cook fresh, Pickling | Tacked knight: Not eaten |
| Cap colour | Poplar knight: Red, Brown | Tacked knight: Brown, Chestnut, Dark brown, Mottled |
| Cap shape | Poplar knight: Convex | Tacked knight: Convex, Flat, Depressed |
| Cap surface | Poplar knight: Slimy | Tacked knight: Slimy, Smooth |
| Taste | Poplar knight: Bitter | Tacked knight: Mealy taste, Bitter |
| Stem | Poplar knight: Central | Tacked knight: Central, Solid |
| Substrate | Poplar knight: Soil | Tacked knight: Soil, Conifer needle litter |
| Partner trees | Poplar knight: Aspen | Tacked knight: Pine, Spruce, Fir |
| Growth habit | Poplar knight: In groups, In rings | Tacked knight: In groups, Solitary |
Same in both: season, size, smell, flesh colour change, hymenophore, nutrition type.
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
If you suspect poisoning, call your local emergency number (112 in the EU, 999 in the UK) immediately
When and where they meet
Together: September–November
What they look like
Cap, Hymenophore, Stem, Flesh, Smell
Cap
Poplar knight
The cap is 5-12 cm across, convex with an inrolled margin when young, later becoming flat and spread out with a slightly wavy margin. The skin is finely fibrous or smooth; slimy and sticky in wet weather, dry and matte when it's dry. The colour is reddish chestnut or reddish orange, richer at the centre and paler toward the margin. Old caps turn brownish chestnut with small cracks. The margin is even, with lengthwise grooves in damp conditions.
Tacked knight
The cap is 5–15 cm across. Young caps are hemispherical to convex with an inrolled margin, then flatten out, sometimes with a shallow dip in the centre when old, and the edge can be wavy. The surface is smooth, without obvious radial fibres, slimy and shiny when wet and tacky when dry.
The colour is reddish brown, chestnut or yellowish brown, paler and greyish pink towards the margin, which isn't grooved. The cap often has small dark yellowish brown spots that look like dried drops, but some caps have none.
Hymenophore
Poplar knight
The gills are notched (emarginate) where they meet the stem, moderately crowded and fleshy. They start out whitish and age to cream with rusty spots along the edges. Spore print white.
Tacked knight
The gills are white or cream, later pale brownish, crowded and notched or attached by a tooth at the stem. On old fruit bodies, and where they've been knocked, they develop rusty brown spots.
The spore print is white.
Stem
Poplar knight
The stem is 5-10 cm tall and 1-2.5 cm thick, firm and cylindrical, thickening toward the base when young. It's whitish at the top and brownish lower down, with ochre-chestnut spots, and smooth with lengthwise fibres. No ring.
Tacked knight
The stem is 3–8 cm tall and 1–2.5 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly wider at the base, firm, and may become hollow with age. It's white, smooth or faintly fibrous, slowly browns with handling and age, and is rusty brown at the base.
There is no ring, no ring zone and no volva. Nor is there a sharply defined white band at the top of the stem; that's more typical of Tricholoma albobrunneum.
Flesh
Poplar knight
The flesh is firm and white, and where cut it slowly takes on a creamy brownish tint. The smell is faintly mealy; the taste is mild at first, then bitterish and mealy, with the typical Tricholoma aftertaste.
Tacked knight
The flesh is white and firm, sometimes brownish under the cap skin and at the stem base. It doesn't change colour noticeably when cut but slowly browns after long handling. The taste is mealy with a slight bitterness.
Smell
Poplar knight
Faintly mealy, with a hint of fresh cucumber — typical of many knights.
Tacked knight
The smell is mealy, like fresh flour; some authors describe it as stale, sourish flour. It doesn't help with identification, because the edible poplar and matt knights smell of meal too.
Related comparisons
Sources · 17
- [1]GBIF
- [2]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [3]Wikipedia (English)
- [4]Wikipedia (polska)
- [5]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
- [6]Funga Nordica: Tricholoma (Christensen & Heilmann-Clausen 2008), Christensen M., Heilmann-Clausen J. (2008)
- [7]Heilmann-Clausen J. et al. Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia, 2017, 38: 38–57, Heilmann-Clausen J., Christensen M., Frøslev T.G., Kjøller R. (2017)
- [8]Wikipedia (ru): Рядовка пятнистая
- [9]Wikigrib: Рядовка пятнистая
- [10]Suber N. Vergiftungen mit braunen Ritterlingen. Westfälische Pilzbriefe, Bd. 1, Heft 12, Suber N.
- [11]Graeme K.A. Mycetism: a review of the recent literature. Journal of Medical Toxicology, 2014, 10(2): 173–189, Graeme K.A. (2014)
- [12]Diaz J.H. Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings. Critical Care Medicine, 2005, 33(2): 427–436, Diaz J.H. (2005)
- [13]Bioimages: Tricholoma pessundatum (Tacked Knight)
- [14]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [15]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [16]MycoBank Database
- [17]Index Fungorum