Xerocomus ferrugineus or Sepia bolete
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: use: Xerocomus ferrugineus — cook fresh, drying, Sepia bolete — cook fresh. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap surface.

Xerocomus ferrugineus
Xerocomus ferrugineus

Sepia bolete
Xerocomellus porosporus
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Xerocomus ferrugineus | Sepia bolete |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Xerocomus ferrugineus Edible | Sepia bolete Edible |
| Season | Xerocomus ferrugineus SummerAutumn | Sepia bolete SummerAutumn |
| Use | Xerocomus ferrugineus Cook freshDrying | Sepia bolete Cook fresh |
| Size | Xerocomus ferrugineus Medium (5–15 cm) | Sepia bolete Small (up to 5 cm) |
| Cap color | Xerocomus ferrugineus BrownOrangeDark brown | Sepia bolete BrownOliveCream |
| Cap shape | Xerocomus ferrugineus Convex | Sepia bolete Convex |
| Cap surface | Xerocomus ferrugineus Velvety | Sepia bolete Cracked |
| Taste | Xerocomus ferrugineus Mild | Sepia bolete Mild |
| Smell | Xerocomus ferrugineus Pleasant | Sepia bolete Odorless |
| Flesh color change | Xerocomus ferrugineus Bluing | Sepia bolete Bluing |
| Hymenophore | Xerocomus ferrugineus Pored | Sepia bolete Pored |
| Stem | Xerocomus ferrugineus Central | Sepia bolete Central |
| Ring (veil) | Xerocomus ferrugineus No ring | Sepia bolete No ring |
| Volva | Xerocomus ferrugineus No volva | Sepia bolete No volva |
| Substrate | Xerocomus ferrugineus Soil | Sepia bolete Soil |
| Nutrition type | Xerocomus ferrugineus Mycorrhizal | Sepia bolete Mycorrhizal |
| Partner trees | Xerocomus ferrugineus OakBeechHornbeamPine | Sepia bolete OakBeechHornbeam |
📅 Seasonality
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Fruiting season
June – October
Sepia bolete
Fruiting season
July – October
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Cap 4–10 cm, hemispherical in young mushrooms, then cushion-shaped. Color rusty brown, chestnut, dark ochre — richer and darker than the suede bolete. The surface is matte, felty-velvety, slightly sticky in wet weather. In dry conditions it can crack into small squares.
Sepia bolete
Cap up to 8 cm, flat-convex in young mushrooms; in mature ones often with distinctive radial and crosswise cracks on the surface (like the red cracking bolete). The color varies: beige, dull brown, olive, sometimes with a pinkish tint in the cracks. Surface matte, finely fibrous.
Hymenophore
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Hymenophore tubular, at first attached to the stem, then notched. Color yellow, olive-yellow in mature ones. Pores angular, small to medium. They turn faintly blue when pressed — less actively than in many other Xerocomus boletes.
Sepia bolete
The pore surface is tubular, with a small notch near the stem. Lemon yellow, olive brown in mature ones. Pores small, angular, 0.2–0.5 mm. They quickly turn blue when pressed.
Stem
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Stem 4–10 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly narrowing upward. Color yellowish to brown, with barely visible lengthwise fibers. Sometimes reddish at the base.
Sepia bolete
Stem 3–8 cm tall, 0.5–1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, fragile. Olive yellow at the top, with reddish or orange spots or zones lower down. Darkens to brown at the base.
Flesh
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Flesh pale yellow to yellowish, watery in mature mushrooms, springy in young ones. When cut it does not turn blue, though the cap flesh may flush slightly pinkish. Sometimes pinkish in the stem.
Sepia bolete
The flesh is pale lemon yellow in the cap and chrome yellow in the upper stem. It turns blue when cut, especially in the tubes and the stem — this is a normal reaction. The texture is watery, cottony in mature ones.
Smell
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Smell faint, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of fresh forest litter. Taste mild, neutral.
Sepia bolete
The smell is faint, mushroomy, with no distinct notes. The taste is mild, neutral and watery.
📍 Habitats
Xerocomus ferrugineus
Sepia bolete
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete be mixed up?
How to tell Xerocomus ferrugineus from Sepia bolete?
Is Sepia bolete edible?
When do Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Mushrooms Demystified, David Arora
- [3]Mushrooms (Roger Phillips), Roger Phillips
- [4]Визначник грибів України, Зерова М.Я. та ін. (1979)
- [5]iNaturalist Ukraine
- [6]Species Fungorum
- [7]Index Fungorum
- [8]GBIF
- [9]MycoBank Database
- [10]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)