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Xerocomus ferrugineus or Sepia bolete

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: use: Xerocomus ferrugineus — cook fresh, drying, Sepia bolete — cook fresh. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap surface.

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete
Edibility class

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Edible

Sepia bolete

Edible
Season

Xerocomus ferrugineus

SummerAutumn

Sepia bolete

SummerAutumn
Use

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Cook freshDrying

Sepia bolete

Cook fresh
Size

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Medium (5–15 cm)

Sepia bolete

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Xerocomus ferrugineus

BrownOrangeDark brown

Sepia bolete

BrownOliveCream
Cap shape

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Convex

Sepia bolete

Convex
Cap surface

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Velvety

Sepia bolete

Cracked
Taste

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Mild

Sepia bolete

Mild
Smell

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Pleasant

Sepia bolete

Odorless
Flesh color change

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Bluing

Sepia bolete

Bluing
Hymenophore

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Pored

Sepia bolete

Pored
Stem

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Central

Sepia bolete

Central
Ring (veil)

Xerocomus ferrugineus

No ring

Sepia bolete

No ring
Volva

Xerocomus ferrugineus

No volva

Sepia bolete

No volva
Substrate

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Soil

Sepia bolete

Soil
Nutrition type

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Mycorrhizal

Sepia bolete

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Xerocomus ferrugineus

OakBeechHornbeamPine

Sepia bolete

OakBeechHornbeam

📅 Seasonality

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

June – October

Sepia bolete

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Cap 4–10 cm, hemispherical in young mushrooms, then cushion-shaped. Color rusty brown, chestnut, dark ochre — richer and darker than the suede bolete. The surface is matte, felty-velvety, slightly sticky in wet weather. In dry conditions it can crack into small squares.

Sepia bolete

Cap up to 8 cm, flat-convex in young mushrooms; in mature ones often with distinctive radial and crosswise cracks on the surface (like the red cracking bolete). The color varies: beige, dull brown, olive, sometimes with a pinkish tint in the cracks. Surface matte, finely fibrous.

Hymenophore

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Hymenophore tubular, at first attached to the stem, then notched. Color yellow, olive-yellow in mature ones. Pores angular, small to medium. They turn faintly blue when pressed — less actively than in many other Xerocomus boletes.

Sepia bolete

The pore surface is tubular, with a small notch near the stem. Lemon yellow, olive brown in mature ones. Pores small, angular, 0.2–0.5 mm. They quickly turn blue when pressed.

Stem

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Stem 4–10 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly narrowing upward. Color yellowish to brown, with barely visible lengthwise fibers. Sometimes reddish at the base.

Sepia bolete

Stem 3–8 cm tall, 0.5–1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, fragile. Olive yellow at the top, with reddish or orange spots or zones lower down. Darkens to brown at the base.

Flesh

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Flesh pale yellow to yellowish, watery in mature mushrooms, springy in young ones. When cut it does not turn blue, though the cap flesh may flush slightly pinkish. Sometimes pinkish in the stem.

Sepia bolete

The flesh is pale lemon yellow in the cap and chrome yellow in the upper stem. It turns blue when cut, especially in the tubes and the stem — this is a normal reaction. The texture is watery, cottony in mature ones.

Smell

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Smell faint, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of fresh forest litter. Taste mild, neutral.

Sepia bolete

The smell is faint, mushroomy, with no distinct notes. The taste is mild, neutral and watery.

📍 Habitats

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Sepia bolete

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The use, size, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Xerocomus ferrugineus from Sepia bolete?
The main differences: use: Xerocomus ferrugineus — cook fresh, drying, Sepia bolete — cook fresh; size: Xerocomus ferrugineus — medium (5–15 cm), Sepia bolete — small (up to 5 cm); cap color: Xerocomus ferrugineus — brown, orange, dark brown, Sepia bolete — brown, olive, cream. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Sepia bolete edible?
Sepia bolete — edible.
When do Xerocomus ferrugineus and Sepia bolete grow?
Xerocomus ferrugineus — June–October; Sepia bolete — July–October.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Mushrooms Demystified, David Arora
  • [3]Mushrooms (Roger Phillips), Roger Phillips
  • [4]Визначник грибів України, Зерова М.Я. та ін. (1979)
  • [5]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [6]Species Fungorum
  • [7]Index Fungorum
  • [8]GBIF
  • [9]MycoBank Database
  • [10]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)