MycoNote

This English version was machine-translated from Ukrainian, so a few things may read a little off.

Xerocomus ferrugineus
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Edible

Xerocomus ferrugineus

Expert-verified

Updated June 13, 2026

Passport

Edibility
Edible
Season
Jun — Oct
Hymenophore
Pored
Cap color
Brown
Size
Medium (5–15 cm)
Smell
Pleasant
Reviewed
Yes ✓

Quick answers

Where to look?

Deciduous forest, Mixed forest

When does it appear?

Jun — Oct

Active months: June, July, August, September, October.

How to recognize it? Three signs

  • Cap color: Brown, Orange, Dark brown
  • Cap shape: Convex
  • Smell: Pleasant

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

June – October

Description

Xerocomus ferrugineus is a close relative of the suede bolete (X. subtomentosus), but with a characteristic rusty-chestnut cap. The mushroom got the name "ferrugineus" (rusty) for the rich rust-brown color of its cap. Some mycologists long considered it just a variety of the suede bolete, but modern taxonomy treats it as a separate species with subtle differences.

In Ukraine it grows in deciduous and mixed forests with oak, beech and hornbeam, less often in pine forests with some broadleaf trees. Throughout the forest zone and the Forest-Steppe. It likes moderately moist spots with forest litter. It does not fruit abundantly — single specimens or small groups.

Edibility — good, a category 3 mushroom. The flesh is pale yellow and holds its shape fairly well when cooked. There is no need to parboil it before cooking. It is great fried, stewed and added to soups. You can pickle it, but the flesh is watery — the texture in the jar is mediocre. You can dry it, but the aroma is weak. It is best used fresh on the day you pick it.

Cap

Cap 4–10 cm, hemispherical in young mushrooms, then cushion-shaped. Color rusty brown, chestnut, dark ochre — richer and darker than the suede bolete. The surface is matte, felty-velvety, slightly sticky in wet weather. In dry conditions it can crack into small squares.

Hymenophore

Hymenophore tubular, at first attached to the stem, then notched. Color yellow, olive-yellow in mature ones. Pores angular, small to medium. They turn faintly blue when pressed — less actively than in many other Xerocomus boletes.

Stem

Stem 4–10 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly narrowing upward. Color yellowish to brown, with barely visible lengthwise fibers. Sometimes reddish at the base.

Flesh

Flesh pale yellow to yellowish, watery in mature mushrooms, springy in young ones. When cut it slowly turns blue (more weakly than in the suede bolete), then yellow again. Sometimes pinkish in the stem.

Smell

Smell faint, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of fresh forest litter. Taste mild, neutral.

Lookalikes

Mushrooms of the same genus and habitat — to study side by side and never mix up.

Related reading

Frequently asked questions

Is it safe?

Yes. All Xerocomus, Xerocomellus and Imleria boletes in Ukraine are edible. Avoid only mushrooms with RED pores (Rubroboletus — the devil's bolete). Xerocomus ferrugineus has yellow pores — it is safe.

Where to look in Ukraine?

Deciduous and mixed forests with oak, beech and hornbeam, less often with pine. Throughout the forest zone and the Forest-Steppe. It likes moderately moist spots, forest edges and shady ravines. It is rare in the steppe and in pure coniferous pine forests.

When does it fruit?

June — October, peaking in August–September after heavy rains. In very dry years it is rare. It likes moderately humid, warm weather.

How is it different from the suede bolete?

The suede bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) has an olive-yellow or greenish-brown cap. Xerocomus ferrugineus is a rich rusty brown, darker. The flesh of the suede bolete blues more actively, that of X. ferrugineus more weakly. Both are edible, both are closely related.

Which trees does it form mycorrhiza with?

Mostly with oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus) and hornbeam (Carpinus). Sometimes with pine in mixed forests. Almost absent from pure coniferous pine forests.

How to cook it?

Clean and slice. No need to parboil. Fry with onion and butter, stew with cream, add to soups and risotto. It pickles only so-so (watery texture). You can dry it, but the aroma is weak — for longer storage it is better to freeze it after a quick fry.

Is it worth looking for this species specifically?

For an ordinary forager — not really. Like all Xerocomus boletes, it is of middling culinary quality. Most foragers pick all these boletes together without telling the species apart — and that's fine, they are all safe. It is of collector's interest mainly to mycologists.

Is Xerocomus ferrugineus edible or poisonous?
Xerocomus ferrugineus is edible. Before eating any wild mushroom, always double-check current information in reliable sources and consult an expert.
Does Xerocomus ferrugineus have gills or pores?
The spore-bearing surface (hymenophore) of Xerocomus ferrugineus: pored.
What does the cap of Xerocomus ferrugineus look like?
Cap 4–10 cm, hemispherical in young mushrooms, then cushion-shaped. Color rusty brown, chestnut, dark ochre — richer and darker than the suede bolete. The surface is matte, felty-velvety, slightly sticky in wet weather.
What does the stem of Xerocomus ferrugineus look like?
Stem 4–10 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, cylindrical, sometimes slightly narrowing upward. Color yellowish to brown, with barely visible lengthwise fibers. Sometimes reddish at the base.
What do Xerocomus ferrugineus smell and taste like?
Smell faint, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of fresh forest litter. Taste mild, neutral. Taste: mild.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Mushrooms Demystified, David Arora
  • [3]Mushrooms (Roger Phillips), Roger Phillips
  • [4]Визначник грибів України, Зерова М.Я. та ін. (1979)
  • [5]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [6]Species Fungorum
  • [7]Index Fungorum
  • [8]GBIF
  • [9]MycoBank Database
  • [10]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)