Butter cap or Lyophyllum immundum
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Butter cap and Lyophyllum immundum are similar species: Butter cap is conditionally edible, while Lyophyllum immundum is unknown. The main visible difference: use: Butter cap — cook fresh, Lyophyllum immundum — not eaten. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap color, cap shape, cap surface.
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Lyophyllum immundum
Lyophyllum immundum

Butter cap
Rhodocollybia butyracea
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Lyophyllum immundum | Butter cap |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Lyophyllum immundum Unknown | Butter cap Conditionally edible |
| Season | Lyophyllum immundum SummerAutumn | Butter cap SummerAutumn |
| Use | Lyophyllum immundum Not eaten | Butter cap Cook fresh |
| Size | Lyophyllum immundum Small (up to 5 cm) | Butter cap Small (up to 5 cm) |
| Cap color | Lyophyllum immundum GreyBrown | Butter cap BrownCream |
| Cap shape | Lyophyllum immundum Convex | Butter cap Umbonate |
| Cap surface | Lyophyllum immundum Smooth | Butter cap Slimy |
| Taste | Lyophyllum immundum Unknown | Butter cap Mild |
| Smell | Lyophyllum immundum Odorless | Butter cap Odorless |
| Flesh color change | Lyophyllum immundum No change | Butter cap No change |
| Hymenophore | Lyophyllum immundum Gilled | Butter cap Gilled |
| Stem | Lyophyllum immundum Central | Butter cap Central |
| Ring (veil) | Lyophyllum immundum No ring | Butter cap No ring |
| Volva | Lyophyllum immundum No volva | Butter cap No volva |
| Substrate | Lyophyllum immundum SoilForest litter | Butter cap Forest litterSoil |
| Nutrition type | Lyophyllum immundum Saprotroph | Butter cap Saprotroph |
| Partner trees | Lyophyllum immundum OakBeechHornbeam | Butter cap PineSpruceOakBeech |
📅 Seasonality
Lyophyllum immundum
Fruiting season
August – November
Butter cap
Fruiting season
August – November
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Lyophyllum immundum
Cap 3-7 cm across, hemispherical to convex in young mushrooms, becoming flat and spread out with a small bump in the center with age. Color: gray-brown, mousy brown, earthy gray — muted, with no bright tones. The surface is silky-matte and smooth; in wet weather it is slightly darker.
Butter cap
Cap 3-7 cm across, when young convex, becoming with age flat-expanded with a small umbo in the center (a characteristic shape). Cap skin smooth, with a pronounced buttery-greasy sheen in wet weather — hence the name. Strongly hygrophanous: in wet weather — dark chestnut-brown in the center, lighter toward the margin; when dry — light creamy brown, ochre and faded. The margin is even, thin, often with lengthwise striations where the gills show through.
Hymenophore
Lyophyllum immundum
The hymenophore is made of gills. The gills are crowded, thin, notched where they meet the stem. Color whitish to grayish, becoming cream-ocher with age. Spore print white.
Butter cap
Gilled hymenophore — the gills are adnate or free from the stem, crowded, thin, whitish to cream, turning cream-pink with age. Spore print pale pink to cream — a typical trait of the genus Rhodocollybia ("pink Collybia").
Stem
Lyophyllum immundum
Stem 4-7 cm tall, 0.5-1.2 cm thick, cylindrical, slightly thickened in the lower part. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial down at the base. The surface is lengthwise fibrous, with no ring.
Butter cap
Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, cylindrical, noticeably thickening toward the base (often with a characteristic "root-like" extension into the substrate). Color ochre-brownish, darker toward the base. Surface smooth, with lengthwise fibers. The stem flesh is tougher and more fibrous than the cap's.
Flesh
Lyophyllum immundum
The flesh is thin, whitish to grayish, soft. It does not change color when cut. No pronounced smell.
Butter cap
Flesh thin and tender in the cap, tough and fibrous in the stem. Color whitish to cream. Doesn't change color when cut. Smell faintly mushroomy, taste mild, neutral, normally without bitterness.
Smell
Lyophyllum immundum
Faint, neutral, mushroomy, not distinctive. Do not taste it — its safety status is undetermined.
Butter cap
Faint, neutral, mushroomy, nothing distinctive.
📍 Habitats
Lyophyllum immundum
Butter cap
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Butter cap and Lyophyllum immundum be mixed up?
How to tell Butter cap from Lyophyllum immundum?
Is Lyophyllum immundum edible?
When do Butter cap and Lyophyllum immundum grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine