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Butter cap or Lyophyllum immundum

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Butter cap and Lyophyllum immundum are similar species: Butter cap is conditionally edible, while Lyophyllum immundum is unknown. The main visible difference: use: Butter cap — cook fresh, Lyophyllum immundum — not eaten. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap color, cap shape, cap surface.

Butter cap (Rhodocollybia butyracea)

Butter cap

Rhodocollybia butyracea

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Lyophyllum immundum and Butter cap
Edibility class

Lyophyllum immundum

Unknown

Butter cap

Conditionally edible
Season

Lyophyllum immundum

SummerAutumn

Butter cap

SummerAutumn
Use

Lyophyllum immundum

Not eaten

Butter cap

Cook fresh
Size

Lyophyllum immundum

Small (up to 5 cm)

Butter cap

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Lyophyllum immundum

GreyBrown

Butter cap

BrownCream
Cap shape

Lyophyllum immundum

Convex

Butter cap

Umbonate
Cap surface

Lyophyllum immundum

Smooth

Butter cap

Slimy
Taste

Lyophyllum immundum

Unknown

Butter cap

Mild
Smell

Lyophyllum immundum

Odorless

Butter cap

Odorless
Flesh color change

Lyophyllum immundum

No change

Butter cap

No change
Hymenophore

Lyophyllum immundum

Gilled

Butter cap

Gilled
Stem

Lyophyllum immundum

Central

Butter cap

Central
Ring (veil)

Lyophyllum immundum

No ring

Butter cap

No ring
Volva

Lyophyllum immundum

No volva

Butter cap

No volva
Substrate

Lyophyllum immundum

SoilForest litter

Butter cap

Forest litterSoil
Nutrition type

Lyophyllum immundum

Saprotroph

Butter cap

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Lyophyllum immundum

OakBeechHornbeam

Butter cap

PineSpruceOakBeech

📅 Seasonality

Lyophyllum immundum

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Butter cap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Lyophyllum immundum

Cap 3-7 cm across, hemispherical to convex in young mushrooms, becoming flat and spread out with a small bump in the center with age. Color: gray-brown, mousy brown, earthy gray — muted, with no bright tones. The surface is silky-matte and smooth; in wet weather it is slightly darker.

Butter cap

Cap 3-7 cm across, when young convex, becoming with age flat-expanded with a small umbo in the center (a characteristic shape). Cap skin smooth, with a pronounced buttery-greasy sheen in wet weather — hence the name. Strongly hygrophanous: in wet weather — dark chestnut-brown in the center, lighter toward the margin; when dry — light creamy brown, ochre and faded. The margin is even, thin, often with lengthwise striations where the gills show through.

Hymenophore

Lyophyllum immundum

The hymenophore is made of gills. The gills are crowded, thin, notched where they meet the stem. Color whitish to grayish, becoming cream-ocher with age. Spore print white.

Butter cap

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are adnate or free from the stem, crowded, thin, whitish to cream, turning cream-pink with age. Spore print pale pink to cream — a typical trait of the genus Rhodocollybia ("pink Collybia").

Stem

Lyophyllum immundum

Stem 4-7 cm tall, 0.5-1.2 cm thick, cylindrical, slightly thickened in the lower part. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial down at the base. The surface is lengthwise fibrous, with no ring.

Butter cap

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, cylindrical, noticeably thickening toward the base (often with a characteristic "root-like" extension into the substrate). Color ochre-brownish, darker toward the base. Surface smooth, with lengthwise fibers. The stem flesh is tougher and more fibrous than the cap's.

Flesh

Lyophyllum immundum

The flesh is thin, whitish to grayish, soft. It does not change color when cut. No pronounced smell.

Butter cap

Flesh thin and tender in the cap, tough and fibrous in the stem. Color whitish to cream. Doesn't change color when cut. Smell faintly mushroomy, taste mild, neutral, normally without bitterness.

Smell

Lyophyllum immundum

Faint, neutral, mushroomy, not distinctive. Do not taste it — its safety status is undetermined.

Butter cap

Faint, neutral, mushroomy, nothing distinctive.

📍 Habitats

Lyophyllum immundum

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Butter cap

Conifer forestDeciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Butter cap and Lyophyllum immundum be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The use, cap color, cap shape help tell them apart.
How to tell Butter cap from Lyophyllum immundum?
The main differences: use: Butter cap — cook fresh, Lyophyllum immundum — not eaten; cap color: Butter cap — brown, cream, Lyophyllum immundum — grey, brown; cap shape: Butter cap — umbonate, Lyophyllum immundum — convex. As for edibility: Butter cap is conditionally edible, Lyophyllum immundum is unknown. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Lyophyllum immundum edible?
Lyophyllum immundum — unknown.
When do Butter cap and Lyophyllum immundum grow?
Butter cap — August–November; Lyophyllum immundum — August–November. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine