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Poplar milk cap or Fleecy milk cap

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Poplar milk cap and Fleecy milk cap are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: size: Poplar milk cap — large (over 15 cm), Fleecy milk cap — giant (>25 cm). The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap color, cap surface, flesh color change.

Poplar milk cap (Lactarius controversus)

Poplar milk cap

Lactarius controversus

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified
Fleecy milk cap (Lactarius vellereus)

Fleecy milk cap

Lactifluus vellereus

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Poplar milk cap and Fleecy milk cap
Edibility class

Poplar milk cap

Conditionally edible

Fleecy milk cap

Conditionally edible
Season

Poplar milk cap

SummerAutumn

Fleecy milk cap

SummerAutumn
Use

Poplar milk cap

SaltingPickling

Fleecy milk cap

SaltingPickling
Size

Poplar milk cap

Large (over 15 cm)

Fleecy milk cap

Giant (>25 cm)
Cap color

Poplar milk cap

WhiteCreamPink

Fleecy milk cap

WhiteCream
Cap shape

Poplar milk cap

Funnel-shaped

Fleecy milk cap

Funnel-shaped
Cap surface

Poplar milk cap

Fibrous

Fleecy milk cap

Velvety
Taste

Poplar milk cap

Acrid

Fleecy milk cap

Acrid
Smell

Poplar milk cap

Odorless

Fleecy milk cap

Odorless
Flesh color change

Poplar milk cap

No change

Fleecy milk cap

Yellowing
Hymenophore

Poplar milk cap

Gilled

Fleecy milk cap

Gilled
Stem

Poplar milk cap

Central

Fleecy milk cap

Central
Ring (veil)

Poplar milk cap

No ring

Fleecy milk cap

No ring
Volva

Poplar milk cap

No volva

Fleecy milk cap

No volva
Substrate

Poplar milk cap

Soil

Fleecy milk cap

Soil
Nutrition type

Poplar milk cap

Mycorrhizal

Fleecy milk cap

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Poplar milk cap

Aspen

Fleecy milk cap

OakBeechHornbeamBirch

📅 Seasonality

Poplar milk cap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – October

Fleecy milk cap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Poplar milk cap

Cap 7-20 cm — one of the largest milk caps. Convex at first with a thickly downy inrolled margin, then flattened and finally funnel-shaped with a depressed center. Color white, creamy white, in mature specimens with characteristic pink or wine-colored “blotches” and spots, with barely visible concentric zones. The surface is slightly sticky in wet weather, and thickly downy at the margin in young specimens.

Fleecy milk cap

Cap 8-25 cm — the largest white milk cap, very fleshy. Hemispherical at first with a thickly downy inrolled margin, then flattened and finally funnel-shaped. Color white, creamy white, in old specimens with an ochre or dirty-yellow tint, especially in the center. The surface is characteristically felted, downy, soft to the touch, like suede or felt. The downiness is especially noticeable at the margin.

Hymenophore

Poplar milk cap

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, narrow, adnate or slightly decurrent. Color pale pink to pinkish cream — a characteristic feature of the species that sets it apart from other large white milk caps. When damaged, they release white milk. Spore print pale pink to creamy pink.

Fleecy milk cap

Gilled hymenophore. Gills distant (which sets it apart from L. piperatus with its crowded gills), broad, adnate or slightly decurrent. Color creamy white, turning yellowish or ochre with age, graying where damaged. They release white milk. Spore print white to pale cream.

Stem

Poplar milk cap

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick — massive, short, cylindrical or slightly tapering toward the base, firm in young specimens. Color white or with a pink tint. Surface smooth, slightly sticky in wet weather, no ring and no volva.

Fleecy milk cap

Stem 3-6 cm tall, 1.5-4 cm thick — massive, short, cylindrical or thickened toward the base, very firm. Color white to cream. The surface is downy, like the cap, especially in the upper part. No ring and no volva.

Flesh

Poplar milk cap

Flesh white, very dense, fleshy. When damaged it releases plenty of white milk, which does not change color or turn yellow in the air. The cut flesh itself also stays white or with a faint pink tint.

Fleecy milk cap

Flesh white, very dense, fleshy, even “woody” — a characteristic feature of the species; the mushroom is sturdy and rarely wormy. When damaged it releases plenty of white milk, which slowly turns yellow in the air after 1-2 hours. The cut flesh itself may also turn slightly yellow.

Smell

Poplar milk cap

Smell faint, mushroomy, with no distinct notes. Taste of the raw flesh and milk — very burning, sharp, peppery. Don't taste it raw — it will cause blisters on your tongue.

Fleecy milk cap

Smell faint, mushroomy, slightly earthy in old specimens. Taste of the raw flesh and milk — very burning, peppery, sharp, with a characteristic “dirty” aftertaste. Don't taste it raw.

📍 Habitats

Poplar milk cap

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Fleecy milk cap

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Poplar milk cap and Fleecy milk cap be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The size, cap color, cap surface help tell them apart.
How to tell Poplar milk cap from Fleecy milk cap?
The main differences: size: Poplar milk cap — large (over 15 cm), Fleecy milk cap — giant (>25 cm); cap color: Poplar milk cap — white, cream, pink, Fleecy milk cap — white, cream; cap surface: Poplar milk cap — fibrous, Fleecy milk cap — velvety. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Fleecy milk cap edible?
Fleecy milk cap — conditionally edible.
When do Poplar milk cap and Fleecy milk cap grow?
Poplar milk cap — August–October; Fleecy milk cap — August–October. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine