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Bovine bolete or Alder bolete

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Bovine bolete and Alder bolete are similar species: Bovine bolete is edible, while Alder bolete is conditionally edible. The main visible difference: use: Bovine bolete — cook fresh, pickling, drying, Alder bolete — cook fresh. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap color, cap shape, cap surface.

Underside of a bovine bolete (Suillus bovinus) in hand: large angular compound pores, olive-brown, and a short yellowish stem

Bovine bolete

Suillus bovinus

EdibleExpert-verified
Alder bolete (Gyrodon lividus)

Alder bolete

Gyrodon lividus

Conditionally edibleNot reviewed by an editor

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Bovine bolete and Alder bolete
Edibility class

Bovine bolete

Edible

Alder bolete

Conditionally edible
Season

Bovine bolete

SummerAutumn

Alder bolete

SummerAutumn
Use

Bovine bolete

Cook freshPicklingDrying

Alder bolete

Cook fresh
Size

Bovine bolete

Medium (5–15 cm)

Alder bolete

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Bovine bolete

BrownYellowOrange

Alder bolete

BrownYellowOlive
Cap shape

Bovine bolete

Convex

Alder bolete

ConvexFlat
Cap surface

Bovine bolete

Slimy

Alder bolete

SlimySmooth
Taste

Bovine bolete

Mild

Alder bolete

Mild
Smell

Bovine bolete

Odorless

Alder bolete

Pleasant
Flesh color change

Bovine bolete

No change

Alder bolete

Bluing
Hymenophore

Bovine bolete

Pored

Alder bolete

Pored
Stem

Bovine bolete

Central

Alder bolete

CentralEccentric
Ring (veil)

Bovine bolete

No ring

Alder bolete

No ring
Volva

Bovine bolete

No volva

Alder bolete

No volva
Substrate

Bovine bolete

Soil

Alder bolete

Soil
Nutrition type

Bovine bolete

Mycorrhizal

Alder bolete

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Bovine bolete

Pine

Alder bolete

Alder

📅 Seasonality

Bovine bolete

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

Alder bolete

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Bovine bolete

Cap 3–12 cm, hemispherical in young mushrooms, then flat-convex, almost flat when mature. The color is a dirty yellow-brown, ochre, with a pinkish tinge; in wet weather it's noticeably slimy and shiny. The skin doesn't peel, or peels only with difficulty. In dry weather the cap is matte, sometimes with small cracks at the edges.

Alder bolete

The cap of the alder bolete reaches 4 to 10 centimeters across. When young it is convex with an inrolled margin; with age it flattens out, often with a wavy margin. The surface is smooth, sticky or slimy in wet weather and matte when dry. The color is clay-brown, yellowish ochre or light brown, darkening with age; when damaged, the surface may take on a darker tint. The flesh is thin, so the cap breaks easily.

Hymenophore

Bovine bolete

The spore surface is made of tubes, but quite distinctive: the pores are large, angular, irregular, with thin radial walls — they look like honeycomb. The color is dirty yellow at first, greenish-olive with age, and brownish-olive in old mushrooms. The tubes are attached to the stem and often run down it.

Alder bolete

The spore-bearing surface is made of tubes, but an unusual one: the tubes are very short, and the pores are small, angular and irregular, often elongated and interconnected, running noticeably down the stem. They are bright yellow or golden yellow, and when pressed or damaged the pores quickly turn blue, taking on a blue-green or blue-gray tint. This sudden bluing is one of the species' most distinctive features.

Stem

Bovine bolete

Stem 4–8 cm tall, 0.5–1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, often bent and curved — it's rarely straight. The color is the same as the cap or a little lighter. The surface is smooth, with no ring and no net pattern. Near the base it often has a pinkish tinge.

Alder bolete

The stem is short and thin relative to the cap, 3 to 7 centimeters tall, often off-center or curved, and narrowing toward the base. At first it matches the cap — yellowish brown — and darkens to reddish brown with age. The surface is smooth. There is no ring and no volva. When cut, the stem flesh can also turn blue.

Flesh

Bovine bolete

The flesh in the cap is yellowish and soft; in the stem it's denser and fibrous. When cut, it doesn't change color or turns slightly pink. In mature mushrooms the texture becomes rubbery, which is why some foragers only take bovine boletes when they're very young.

Alder bolete

The flesh is soft, watery and pale yellow; when cut and exposed to air it turns blue, taking on a bluish-green tint. The taste is mild, bland and without bitterness. Because its watery texture quickly turns mushy, the mushroom has mediocre food value; only young, firm fruiting bodies are chosen for the table, and they must always be boiled.

Smell

Bovine bolete

The smell is faint, mushroomy, nothing special. The taste is mild, with no bitterness.

Alder bolete

The smell is faint, bland and typically mushroomy, with no sharp notes. Aroma is not a defining feature, so for identification rely on the small yellow pores that turn blue, the sticky clay-colored cap and the constant link with alder in damp places.

📍 Habitats

Bovine bolete

Conifer forestMixed forest

Alder bolete

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Bovine bolete and Alder bolete be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The use, cap color, cap shape help tell them apart.
How to tell Bovine bolete from Alder bolete?
The main differences: use: Bovine bolete — cook fresh, pickling, drying, Alder bolete — cook fresh; cap color: Bovine bolete — brown, yellow, orange, Alder bolete — brown, yellow, olive; cap shape: Bovine bolete — convex, Alder bolete — convex, flat. As for edibility: Bovine bolete is edible, Alder bolete is conditionally edible. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Alder bolete edible?
Alder bolete — conditionally edible.
When do Bovine bolete and Alder bolete grow?
Bovine bolete — July–October; Alder bolete — July–October. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine