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How to tell Grey knight from Tiger tricholoma

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Tiger tricholoma(Tricholoma pardinum)

The short answer

Grey knight and Tiger tricholoma look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Grey knight is conditionally edible, while Tiger tricholoma is poisonous. The main visible difference: use: Grey knight — cook fresh, pickling, Tiger tricholoma — not eaten. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Grey knight (Tricholoma terreum)

Grey knight

Tricholoma terreum

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified
Tiger tricholoma (Tricholoma pardinum)

Tiger tricholoma

Tricholoma pardinum

PoisonousExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Grey knight and Tiger tricholoma
⚠ Edibility class

Grey knight

Conditionally edible

Tiger tricholoma

Poisonous
Season

Grey knight

SummerAutumn

Tiger tricholoma

SummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Grey knight

Cook freshPickling

Tiger tricholoma

Not eaten
⚠ Size

Grey knight

Small (up to 5 cm)

Tiger tricholoma

Large (over 15 cm)
⚠ Cap color

Grey knight

Grey

Tiger tricholoma

GreyWhite
⚠ Cap shape

Grey knight

Umbonate

Tiger tricholoma

Convex
⚠ Cap surface

Grey knight

Velvety

Tiger tricholoma

Scaly
⚠ Taste

Grey knight

Mild

Tiger tricholoma

Bitter
Smell

Grey knight

Floury

Tiger tricholoma

Floury
Flesh color change

Grey knight

No change

Tiger tricholoma

No change
Hymenophore

Grey knight

Gilled

Tiger tricholoma

Gilled
Stem

Grey knight

Central

Tiger tricholoma

Central
Ring (veil)

Grey knight

No ring

Tiger tricholoma

No ring
Volva

Grey knight

No volva

Tiger tricholoma

No volva
Substrate

Grey knight

Soil

Tiger tricholoma

Soil
Nutrition type

Grey knight

Mycorrhizal

Tiger tricholoma

Mycorrhizal
⚠ Partner trees

Grey knight

PineSpruce

Tiger tricholoma

BeechOakHornbeam

📅 Seasonality

Grey knight

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Tiger tricholoma

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Grey knight

Cap 3-8 cm across, when young distinctly conical or bell-shaped, becoming with age flat-conical with a low, broad central bump. The skin is finely fibrous-felty — like a mouse's fur, gray to dark gray, mouse-colored, with a darker center and paler margins. Old fruiting bodies have fine radial cracks. The margin is even and thin, and may be slightly wavy in damp conditions.

Tiger tricholoma

The cap is 8-15 cm across (sometimes up to 20 cm), very fleshy, heavy; when young it is hemispherical with an inrolled margin, with age becoming broadly convex, flat and spread out. The skin is matte, with distinct dark gray scales on a grayish-white background — a characteristic "leopard" pattern of concentric rows of scales, especially noticeable at the center. The background color is grayish white to pale ash gray, the scales are dark gray to blackish gray. The margin is even, slightly wavy in old specimens.

Hymenophore

Grey knight

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are notched (sinuate) where they attach to the stem, moderately crowded, thin, the gill flesh brittle. Color: whitish to grayish-white, turning gray with a faint yellowish tinge with age. Spore print white.

Tiger tricholoma

Lamellate hymenophore: the gills are notched (emarginate) at the stem, moderately crowded, very fleshy, thick. Color: white to creamy white, with no yellowish tint — this is the key difference from the edible T. portentosum. Spore print white.

Stem

Grey knight

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.7-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, firm when young, hollow when old. Color: white to grayish-white, with no noticeable spots. Surface smooth with fine lengthwise fibers. No ring.

Tiger tricholoma

The stem is 6-12 cm tall, 2-4 cm thick, very fleshy, cylindrical, thickening toward the base, with a slight bulbous swelling in old specimens. Color: white to grayish white, often with ochre-brown spots or dots in the lower part. Surface: smooth, with lengthwise fibers in the lower third. No ring.

Flesh

Grey knight

Flesh thin, brittle, white in the cap, grayish-white in the stem. Does not change color when cut. Smell faintly mealy or with a fresh cucumber note, taste mild, no bitterness.

Tiger tricholoma

The flesh is very firm, fleshy, white to cream, does not change color when cut (does not turn pink or darken). Smell: distinctly mealy; taste mild at first, then bitterish and astringent — but the taste is no warning sign: you can eat this mushroom without noticing any bitterness.

Smell

Grey knight

Faintly mealy-cucumber, neutral, with no sharp notes.

Tiger tricholoma

A distinct mealy smell, as in many knights — is NOT a warning sign!

📍 Habitats

Grey knight

Conifer forestMixed forest

Tiger tricholoma

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Grey knight and Tiger tricholoma be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Tiger tricholoma is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the use, size, cap color.
How to tell Grey knight from Tiger tricholoma?
The main differences: use: Grey knight — cook fresh, pickling, Tiger tricholoma — not eaten; size: Grey knight — small (up to 5 cm), Tiger tricholoma — large (over 15 cm); cap color: Grey knight — grey, Tiger tricholoma — grey, white. As for edibility: Grey knight is conditionally edible, Tiger tricholoma is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Grey knight or Tiger tricholoma?
More dangerous: Tiger tricholoma, which is poisonous. Grey knight is conditionally edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Tiger tricholoma edible?
Tiger tricholoma — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Grey knight and Tiger tricholoma grow?
Grey knight — August–November; Tiger tricholoma — August–November. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine