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Russet toughshank or Spindle toughshank

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Russet toughshank and Spindle toughshank are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Russet toughshank — spring, summer, autumn, Spindle toughshank — autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap color.

Russet toughshank (Gymnopus dryophilus)

Russet toughshank

Gymnopus dryophilus

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified
Spindle toughshank (Gymnopus fusipes)

Spindle toughshank

Gymnopus fusipes

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Russet toughshank and Spindle toughshank
Edibility class

Russet toughshank

Conditionally edible

Spindle toughshank

Conditionally edible
Season

Russet toughshank

SpringSummerAutumn

Spindle toughshank

Autumn
Use

Russet toughshank

Cook freshDrying

Spindle toughshank

Cook freshPickling
Size

Russet toughshank

Small (up to 5 cm)

Spindle toughshank

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Russet toughshank

BrownYellowOrangeCream

Spindle toughshank

BrownRedOrange
Cap shape

Russet toughshank

Convex

Spindle toughshank

Convex
Cap surface

Russet toughshank

Smooth

Spindle toughshank

Smooth
Taste

Russet toughshank

Mild

Spindle toughshank

Bitter
Smell

Russet toughshank

Pleasant

Spindle toughshank

Pleasant
Flesh color change

Russet toughshank

No change

Spindle toughshank

No change
Hymenophore

Russet toughshank

Gilled

Spindle toughshank

Gilled
Stem

Russet toughshank

Central

Spindle toughshank

Rooting
Ring (veil)

Russet toughshank

No ring

Spindle toughshank

No ring
Volva

Russet toughshank

No volva

Spindle toughshank

No volva
Substrate

Russet toughshank

Forest litterSoil

Spindle toughshank

Living treeDead woodSoil
Nutrition type

Russet toughshank

Saprotroph

Spindle toughshank

Parasite
Partner trees

Russet toughshank

OakBeechHornbeamBirchAspen

Spindle toughshank

Oak

📅 Seasonality

Russet toughshank

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

May – November

Spindle toughshank

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Russet toughshank

Cap 2-6 cm, hemispherical at first, then convex-spreading to flat. The color varies — from russet-yellow to yellow-brown, darker in the center and paler toward the edge. In dry weather the cap fades to cream. The surface is smooth and slightly shiny in wet weather.

Spindle toughshank

Cap 3-10 cm, hemispherical at first, then convex-spreading; in old specimens with an upturned, wavy edge. Color reddish brown, russet-brown, darker in the center and paler toward the edge. The surface is dry and smooth, slightly shiny in wet weather.

Hymenophore

Russet toughshank

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, attached or notched. Whitish to cream. Spore print white.

Spindle toughshank

Gilled hymenophore. Gills fairly distant, attached or slightly decurrent. Pale cream to yellowish, developing rusty spots with age. Spore print white.

Stem

Russet toughshank

Stem 3-8 cm tall, 0.3-0.7 cm thick, thin, cylindrical, often curved; the lower part is darker, reddish brown, the upper part paler. The surface is smooth, the inside hollow. There is no ring.

Spindle toughshank

Stem 6-15 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick in the middle, characteristically spindle-shaped — swollen in the middle, narrowing downward (to 0.5-1 cm), and at the base it turns into a long pointed "root" that goes deep into the ground to the oak root. Deep lengthwise furrows and red-brown spots are diagnostic features. There is no ring.

Flesh

Russet toughshank

The flesh of the cap is thin, whitish, with no particular aroma. In the stem it is stringy and springy. It doesn't change color when cut.

Spindle toughshank

The flesh is whitish to yellowish in the cap; in the stem it is dense, woody, with reddish spots. It barely changes color when cut. Tough — especially in the stem. It has a faint bitter aftertaste.

Smell

Russet toughshank

Faint, pleasant mushroomy smell. Mild taste, nothing special.

Spindle toughshank

Faint mushroomy or slightly sourish smell. The taste is slightly bitter — it needs boiling.

📍 Habitats

Russet toughshank

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Spindle toughshank

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Russet toughshank and Spindle toughshank be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The season, use, size help tell them apart.
How to tell Russet toughshank from Spindle toughshank?
The main differences: season: Russet toughshank — spring, summer, autumn, Spindle toughshank — autumn; use: Russet toughshank — cook fresh, drying, Spindle toughshank — cook fresh, pickling; size: Russet toughshank — small (up to 5 cm), Spindle toughshank — medium (5–15 cm). The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Spindle toughshank edible?
Spindle toughshank — conditionally edible.
When do Russet toughshank and Spindle toughshank grow?
Russet toughshank — May–November; Spindle toughshank — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine