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How to tell Charbonnier from Tiger tricholoma

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Tiger tricholoma(Tricholoma pardinum)

The short answer

Charbonnier and Tiger tricholoma look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Charbonnier is edible, while Tiger tricholoma is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Charbonnier — autumn, Tiger tricholoma — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap color. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Charbonnier (Tricholoma portentosum)

Charbonnier

Tricholoma portentosum

EdibleExpert-verified
Tiger tricholoma (Tricholoma pardinum)

Tiger tricholoma

Tricholoma pardinum

PoisonousExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Charbonnier and Tiger tricholoma
⚠ Edibility class

Charbonnier

Edible

Tiger tricholoma

Poisonous
⚠ Season

Charbonnier

Autumn

Tiger tricholoma

SummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Charbonnier

Cook freshPicklingDrying

Tiger tricholoma

Not eaten
⚠ Size

Charbonnier

Medium (5–15 cm)

Tiger tricholoma

Large (over 15 cm)
⚠ Cap color

Charbonnier

GreyVioletOlive

Tiger tricholoma

GreyWhite
⚠ Cap shape

Charbonnier

Umbonate

Tiger tricholoma

Convex
⚠ Cap surface

Charbonnier

Fibrous

Tiger tricholoma

Scaly
⚠ Taste

Charbonnier

Mild

Tiger tricholoma

Bitter
⚠ Smell

Charbonnier

FlouryPleasant

Tiger tricholoma

Floury
Flesh color change

Charbonnier

No change

Tiger tricholoma

No change
Hymenophore

Charbonnier

Gilled

Tiger tricholoma

Gilled
Stem

Charbonnier

Central

Tiger tricholoma

Central
Ring (veil)

Charbonnier

No ring

Tiger tricholoma

No ring
Volva

Charbonnier

No volva

Tiger tricholoma

No volva
Substrate

Charbonnier

Soil

Tiger tricholoma

Soil
Nutrition type

Charbonnier

Mycorrhizal

Tiger tricholoma

Mycorrhizal
⚠ Partner trees

Charbonnier

PineSpruce

Tiger tricholoma

BeechOakHornbeam

📅 Seasonality

Charbonnier

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

October – November

Tiger tricholoma

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Charbonnier

Cap 5-12 cm across, when young bell-shaped or convex-conical, becoming with age flat-convex with a low, broad bump in the center. The skin is smooth, slightly slimy in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather. Color: gray-violet, gray-greenish, olive-gray, darker in the center, with distinct fine dark radial fibrous streaks — a diagnostic feature. The margin is even, slightly wavy in old caps, inrolled in young ones.

Tiger tricholoma

The cap is 8-15 cm across (sometimes up to 20 cm), very fleshy, heavy; when young it is hemispherical with an inrolled margin, with age becoming broadly convex, flat and spread out. The skin is matte, with distinct dark gray scales on a grayish-white background — a characteristic "leopard" pattern of concentric rows of scales, especially noticeable at the center. The background color is grayish white to pale ash gray, the scales are dark gray to blackish gray. The margin is even, slightly wavy in old specimens.

Hymenophore

Charbonnier

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are notched (sinuate) where they attach to the stem, moderately crowded, fleshy. When young they are whitish with a faint yellowish tinge, becoming with age creamy-yellowish, especially toward the edge. The yellowish tone of the gills is a diagnostic feature. Spore print white.

Tiger tricholoma

Lamellate hymenophore: the gills are notched (emarginate) at the stem, moderately crowded, very fleshy, thick. Color: white to creamy white, with no yellowish tint — this is the key difference from the edible T. portentosum. Spore print white.

Stem

Charbonnier

Stem 5-10 cm tall, 1.5-2.5 cm thick, firm, fleshy, cylindrical. Color: whitish with a characteristic yellowish tinge, especially toward the base. Surface smooth with fine lengthwise fibers. No ring.

Tiger tricholoma

The stem is 6-12 cm tall, 2-4 cm thick, very fleshy, cylindrical, thickening toward the base, with a slight bulbous swelling in old specimens. Color: white to grayish white, often with ochre-brown spots or dots in the lower part. Surface: smooth, with lengthwise fibers in the lower third. No ring.

Flesh

Charbonnier

Flesh firm, white in the cap, white with a yellowish tinge in the stem. Does not change color when cut — it does not turn pink (unlike T. saponaceum) and does not darken. Smell distinctly mealy-cucumber, taste mild, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of flour, no bitterness.

Tiger tricholoma

The flesh is very firm, fleshy, white to cream, does not change color when cut (does not turn pink or darken). Smell: distinctly mealy; taste mild at first, then bitterish and astringent — but the taste is no warning sign: you can eat this mushroom without noticing any bitterness.

Smell

Charbonnier

A distinct, pleasant mealy-cucumber smell — like freshly ground flour with a note of fresh cucumbers. A diagnostic feature, clear when you cut it.

Tiger tricholoma

A distinct mealy smell, as in many knights — is NOT a warning sign!

📍 Habitats

Charbonnier

Conifer forestMixed forest

Tiger tricholoma

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Charbonnier and Tiger tricholoma be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Tiger tricholoma is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, size.
How to tell Charbonnier from Tiger tricholoma?
The main differences: season: Charbonnier — autumn, Tiger tricholoma — summer, autumn; use: Charbonnier — cook fresh, pickling, drying, Tiger tricholoma — not eaten; size: Charbonnier — medium (5–15 cm), Tiger tricholoma — large (over 15 cm). As for edibility: Charbonnier is edible, Tiger tricholoma is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Charbonnier or Tiger tricholoma?
More dangerous: Tiger tricholoma, which is poisonous. Charbonnier is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Tiger tricholoma edible?
Tiger tricholoma — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Charbonnier and Tiger tricholoma grow?
Charbonnier — October–November; Tiger tricholoma — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine