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Fen puffball or Brown puffball

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Fen puffball and Brown puffball are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap color: Fen puffball — white, cream, brown, Brown puffball — white, cream, brown, black. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: cap shape, smell, substrate.

Fen puffball (Bovista paludosa)

Fen puffball

Bovista paludosa

EdibleExpert-verified
Brown puffball (Bovista nigrescens)

Brown puffball

Bovista nigrescens

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Fen puffball and Brown puffball
Edibility class

Fen puffball

Edible

Brown puffball

Edible
Season

Fen puffball

SummerAutumn

Brown puffball

SummerAutumn
Use

Fen puffball

Cook fresh

Brown puffball

Cook fresh
Size

Fen puffball

Small (up to 5 cm)

Brown puffball

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Fen puffball

WhiteCreamBrown

Brown puffball

WhiteCreamBrownBlack
Cap shape

Fen puffball

Irregular

Brown puffball

Convex
Cap surface

Fen puffball

Smooth

Brown puffball

Smooth
Taste

Fen puffball

Mild

Brown puffball

Mild
Smell

Fen puffball

Pleasant

Brown puffball

Odorless
Flesh color change

Fen puffball

No change

Brown puffball

No change
Hymenophore

Fen puffball

Chambered

Brown puffball

Chambered
Stem

Fen puffball

Absent

Brown puffball

Absent
Ring (veil)

Fen puffball

No ring

Brown puffball

No ring
Volva

Fen puffball

No volva

Brown puffball

No volva
Substrate

Fen puffball

MossSoil

Brown puffball

Soil
Nutrition type

Fen puffball

Saprotroph

Brown puffball

Saprotroph

📅 Seasonality

Fen puffball

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – October

Brown puffball

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Fen puffball

Fruiting body 3-5 cm across, spherical to flattened-spherical, with no distinct cap or stem (like all puffballs). The outer skin is whitish to cream when young, turning brown with age. Surface smooth or with fine scales in older ones.

Brown puffball

The fruiting body is a round or slightly flattened "ball" 3–6 cm across, with no stem. The outer surface of a young mushroom is smooth, white or cream. In mature ones it flakes off in small scales, exposing the dark inner wall. Old ones are entirely dark purple-brown or almost black.

Hymenophore

Fen puffball

There's no hymenophore in the usual sense — the spores form inside the fruiting body, in the gleba. In young ones the gleba is firm white, marbled in cross-section. In mature ones it becomes powdery, dark olive-brown. Spore powder dark olive-brown.

Brown puffball

The spore-bearing layer is internal — it fills the whole inside of the fruiting body. In young ones it is a solid, dense white tissue (the gleba). In mature ones it turns into a powdery dark spore mass. The spores are olive-brown, with thin little tails.

Stem

Fen puffball

Stem absent or very short, threadlike — the fruiting body is attached to the substrate by a mycelial "cap".

Brown puffball

There is no stem. The fruiting body is attached to the soil by a short mycelial cord that often breaks — and mature mushrooms can then roll about in the wind, scattering spores through an opening at the top.

Flesh

Fen puffball

In young ones — firm, marble-white, like cheese curd. When cut it doesn't change color. In mature ones it becomes powdery, with the characteristic dark brown spore powder. Faint mushroomy smell.

Brown puffball

The gleba (inner tissue) is white, springy and delicately textured in young specimens. As it ripens it takes on a yellowish-gray tint — at this stage the mushroom is no longer edible. In old ones it turns into a dry dark powder (the spore mass).

Smell

Fen puffball

Faintly pleasant and mushroomy, with no distinctive notes.

Brown puffball

The smell is faint, barely mushroomy; in young ones it recalls fresh egg-white batter. The taste is mild and neutral, slightly nutty in some specimens.

📍 Habitats

Fen puffball

Mixed forest

Brown puffball

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Fen puffball and Brown puffball be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The cap color, cap shape, smell help tell them apart.
How to tell Fen puffball from Brown puffball?
The main differences: cap color: Fen puffball — white, cream, brown, Brown puffball — white, cream, brown, black; cap shape: Fen puffball — irregular, Brown puffball — convex; smell: Fen puffball — pleasant, Brown puffball — odorless. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Brown puffball edible?
Brown puffball — edible.
When do Fen puffball and Brown puffball grow?
Fen puffball — August–October; Brown puffball — July–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine