How to tell Leucoagaricus nympharum from Deadly dapperling
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
Warning: Deadly dapperling(Lepiota brunneoincarnata)
DEADLY POISONOUS
Eating it can cause death. Do not pick it and do not taste it.
Toxin: amatoxins (α-amanitin, β-amanitin — the same as in Amanita phalloides). The concentration is enough for fatal poisoning of an adult from 50-100 g of raw mushroom, and of a child from a single piece. The action is slow, in phases: (1) 0-12 h — nothing, the person feels fine; (2) 12-36 h — acute gastroenteritis: profuse vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration (1-2 days); (3) 36-72 h — deceptive improvement (a "lucid interval") — it seems to have passed; (4) from the third day — hepatorenal failure: jaundice, bleeding, hepatic coma; (5) days 6-16 — death without a liver transplant, in severe cases. Treatment: in hospital only (intravenous silibinin, activated charcoal, many hours of IV drips, hemodialysis; for severe damage — a liver transplant). The sooner you see a doctor, the better the chances. Urgency is critical: the first 24 hours give the best chance of full recovery.
If you suspect poisoning, call an ambulance immediately: 112 (the European emergency number) or your local emergency number
The short answer
Leucoagaricus nympharum and Deadly dapperling look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Leucoagaricus nympharum is edible, while Deadly dapperling is deadly poisonous. The main visible difference: cap color: Leucoagaricus nympharum — white, brown, Deadly dapperling — cream, pink, red, brown. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: smell, stem, ring (veil). If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Leucoagaricus nympharum
Leucoagaricus nympharum

Deadly dapperling
Lepiota brunneoincarnata
📊 Comparing characteristics
⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom
| Characteristic | Leucoagaricus nympharum | Deadly dapperling |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠ Edibility class | Leucoagaricus nympharum Edible | Deadly dapperling Deadly poisonous |
| Season | Leucoagaricus nympharum SummerAutumn | Deadly dapperling SummerAutumn |
| Use | Leucoagaricus nympharum Not eaten | Deadly dapperling Not eaten |
| Size | Leucoagaricus nympharum Small (up to 5 cm) | Deadly dapperling Small (up to 5 cm) |
| ⚠ Cap color | Leucoagaricus nympharum WhiteBrown | Deadly dapperling CreamPinkRedBrown |
| Cap shape | Leucoagaricus nympharum Convex | Deadly dapperling Convex |
| Cap surface | Leucoagaricus nympharum Scaly | Deadly dapperling Scaly |
| Taste | Leucoagaricus nympharum Mild | Deadly dapperling Mild |
| ⚠ Smell | Leucoagaricus nympharum Radish-like | Deadly dapperling Pleasant |
| Flesh color change | Leucoagaricus nympharum No change | Deadly dapperling No change |
| Hymenophore | Leucoagaricus nympharum Gilled | Deadly dapperling Gilled |
| ⚠ Stem | Leucoagaricus nympharum Bulbous | Deadly dapperling Central |
| ⚠ Ring (veil) | Leucoagaricus nympharum Ring present | Deadly dapperling No ring |
| Volva | Leucoagaricus nympharum No volva | Deadly dapperling No volva |
| Substrate | Leucoagaricus nympharum Soil | Deadly dapperling Soil |
| Nutrition type | Leucoagaricus nympharum Saprotroph | Deadly dapperling Saprotroph |
📅 Seasonality
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Fruiting season
August – October
Deadly dapperling
Fruiting season
June – October
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Cap 4–10 cm, egg-shaped at first, opening with age to flat-expanded with a low, barely raised, pale brownish umbo in the center. White in color, the surface covered in fibrous white scales — the typical "parasol" texture.
Deadly dapperling
The cap is small: 2-5 cm across, hemispherical to convex in young mushrooms, later flattening out with a broad, low bump in the center. The color is pale cream or pinkish-cream overall, with characteristic concentric rings of reddish-brown or brick-colored scales (as if dusted with ground pepper). The scales are denser at the center of the cap and sparser toward the edge. The surface beneath the scales is smooth.
Hymenophore
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Gilled hymenophor. Gills crowded, free, not attached to the stem. White at first, with age taking on a faint pinkish tint; they darken when pressed. Spore print white.
Deadly dapperling
Gilled hymenophore. The gills are crowded, thin, free (not attached to the stem). Color white to cream, cream-ochre with age. The spore print is white — an important feature for telling it apart from Agaricus mushrooms (theirs is chocolate-black).
Stem
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Stem 5–12 cm tall, 0.5–1 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, with a bulbous swelling at the base. White. It has a broad, movable milky-white ring.
Deadly dapperling
Stem 3-6 cm tall, 0.3-0.7 cm thick, cylindrical, slender. Whitish in the upper part, and in the lower part with reddish-brown or pink tones and small scales. The ring is either absent or present as a thin, indistinct band of scales — practically invisible in mature mushrooms. The stem flesh is firm.
Flesh
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Flesh white, thin, tender. On exposure to air it gradually whitens in the lower part of the stem. No sharp color changes when cut.
Deadly dapperling
Flesh thin, white, with a pinkish tinge in the lower part of the stem. Doesn't change color quickly when cut. No pronounced odor — a delicate fruity smell.
Smell
Leucoagaricus nympharum
A faint radish smell. Mild taste, without distinct notes.
Deadly dapperling
Faintly fruity-sweet, reminiscent of apples — and that's exactly what makes it so treacherous. The smell doesn't raise alarm; it's even appealing, especially to children. Don't rely on smell or taste for identification — neither signals deadly toxicity.
📍 Habitats
Leucoagaricus nympharum
Deadly dapperling
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Leucoagaricus nympharum and Deadly dapperling be mixed up?
How to tell Leucoagaricus nympharum from Deadly dapperling?
Which is more dangerous — Leucoagaricus nympharum or Deadly dapperling?
Is Deadly dapperling edible?
When do Leucoagaricus nympharum and Deadly dapperling grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine