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Russet toughshank or Butter cap

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Russet toughshank and Butter cap are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Russet toughshank — spring, summer, autumn, Butter cap — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, cap color, cap shape.

Russet toughshank (Gymnopus dryophilus)

Russet toughshank

Gymnopus dryophilus

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified
Butter cap (Rhodocollybia butyracea)

Butter cap

Rhodocollybia butyracea

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Russet toughshank and Butter cap
Edibility class

Russet toughshank

Conditionally edible

Butter cap

Conditionally edible
Season

Russet toughshank

SpringSummerAutumn

Butter cap

SummerAutumn
Use

Russet toughshank

Cook freshDrying

Butter cap

Cook fresh
Size

Russet toughshank

Small (up to 5 cm)

Butter cap

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Russet toughshank

BrownYellowOrangeCream

Butter cap

BrownCream
Cap shape

Russet toughshank

Convex

Butter cap

Umbonate
Cap surface

Russet toughshank

Smooth

Butter cap

Slimy
Taste

Russet toughshank

Mild

Butter cap

Mild
Smell

Russet toughshank

Pleasant

Butter cap

Odorless
Flesh color change

Russet toughshank

No change

Butter cap

No change
Hymenophore

Russet toughshank

Gilled

Butter cap

Gilled
Stem

Russet toughshank

Central

Butter cap

Central
Ring (veil)

Russet toughshank

No ring

Butter cap

No ring
Volva

Russet toughshank

No volva

Butter cap

No volva
Substrate

Russet toughshank

Forest litterSoil

Butter cap

Forest litterSoil
Nutrition type

Russet toughshank

Saprotroph

Butter cap

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Russet toughshank

OakBeechHornbeamBirchAspen

Butter cap

PineSpruceOakBeech

📅 Seasonality

Russet toughshank

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

May – November

Butter cap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Russet toughshank

Cap 2-6 cm, hemispherical at first, then convex-spreading to flat. The color varies — from russet-yellow to yellow-brown, darker in the center and paler toward the edge. In dry weather the cap fades to cream. The surface is smooth and slightly shiny in wet weather.

Butter cap

Cap 3-7 cm across, when young convex, becoming with age flat-expanded with a small umbo in the center (a characteristic shape). Cap skin smooth, with a pronounced buttery-greasy sheen in wet weather — hence the name. Strongly hygrophanous: in wet weather — dark chestnut-brown in the center, lighter toward the margin; when dry — light creamy brown, ochre and faded. The margin is even, thin, often with lengthwise striations where the gills show through.

Hymenophore

Russet toughshank

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, attached or notched. Whitish to cream. Spore print white.

Butter cap

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are adnate or free from the stem, crowded, thin, whitish to cream, turning cream-pink with age. Spore print pale pink to cream — a typical trait of the genus Rhodocollybia ("pink Collybia").

Stem

Russet toughshank

Stem 3-8 cm tall, 0.3-0.7 cm thick, thin, cylindrical, often curved; the lower part is darker, reddish brown, the upper part paler. The surface is smooth, the inside hollow. There is no ring.

Butter cap

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, cylindrical, noticeably thickening toward the base (often with a characteristic "root-like" extension into the substrate). Color ochre-brownish, darker toward the base. Surface smooth, with lengthwise fibers. The stem flesh is tougher and more fibrous than the cap's.

Flesh

Russet toughshank

The flesh of the cap is thin, whitish, with no particular aroma. In the stem it is stringy and springy. It doesn't change color when cut.

Butter cap

Flesh thin and tender in the cap, tough and fibrous in the stem. Color whitish to cream. Doesn't change color when cut. Smell faintly mushroomy, taste mild, neutral, normally without bitterness.

Smell

Russet toughshank

Faint, pleasant mushroomy smell. Mild taste, nothing special.

Butter cap

Faint, neutral, mushroomy, nothing distinctive.

📍 Habitats

Russet toughshank

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Butter cap

Conifer forestDeciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Russet toughshank and Butter cap be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The season, use, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Russet toughshank from Butter cap?
The main differences: season: Russet toughshank — spring, summer, autumn, Butter cap — summer, autumn; use: Russet toughshank — cook fresh, drying, Butter cap — cook fresh; cap color: Russet toughshank — brown, yellow, orange, cream, Butter cap — brown, cream. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Butter cap edible?
Butter cap — conditionally edible.
When do Russet toughshank and Butter cap grow?
Russet toughshank — May–November; Butter cap — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine