Charbonnier or Soapy knight
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
The short answer
Charbonnier and Soapy knight are similar species: Charbonnier is edible, while Soapy knight is inedible. The main visible difference: season: Charbonnier — autumn, Soapy knight — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, cap color, cap shape.

Soapy knight
Tricholoma saponaceum

Charbonnier
Tricholoma portentosum
📊 Comparing characteristics
| Characteristic | Soapy knight | Charbonnier |
|---|---|---|
| Edibility class | Soapy knight Inedible | Charbonnier Edible |
| Season | Soapy knight SummerAutumn | Charbonnier Autumn |
| Use | Soapy knight Not eaten | Charbonnier Cook freshPicklingDrying |
| Size | Soapy knight Medium (5–15 cm) | Charbonnier Medium (5–15 cm) |
| Cap color | Soapy knight GreyOliveBrown | Charbonnier GreyVioletOlive |
| Cap shape | Soapy knight Convex | Charbonnier Umbonate |
| Cap surface | Soapy knight Smooth | Charbonnier Fibrous |
| Taste | Soapy knight Bitter | Charbonnier Mild |
| Smell | Soapy knight Chemical | Charbonnier FlouryPleasant |
| Flesh color change | Soapy knight Reddening | Charbonnier No change |
| Hymenophore | Soapy knight Gilled | Charbonnier Gilled |
| Stem | Soapy knight Central | Charbonnier Central |
| Ring (veil) | Soapy knight No ring | Charbonnier No ring |
| Volva | Soapy knight No volva | Charbonnier No volva |
| Substrate | Soapy knight Soil | Charbonnier Soil |
| Nutrition type | Soapy knight Mycorrhizal | Charbonnier Mycorrhizal |
| Partner trees | Soapy knight BeechOakHornbeamSpruce | Charbonnier PineSpruce |
📅 Seasonality
Soapy knight
Fruiting season
August – November
Charbonnier
Fruiting season
October – November
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Soapy knight
Cap 5-12 cm across, when young convex with an inrolled margin, becoming with age flattened-expanded with a small bump. The skin is smooth, slightly slimy in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather. Color: very variable — gray-white, olive-gray, greenish-gray, brownish-gray, in some forms almost black in the center. Old fruiting bodies have small cracks.
Charbonnier
Cap 5-12 cm across, when young bell-shaped or convex-conical, becoming with age flat-convex with a low, broad bump in the center. The skin is smooth, slightly slimy in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather. Color: gray-violet, gray-greenish, olive-gray, darker in the center, with distinct fine dark radial fibrous streaks — a diagnostic feature. The margin is even, slightly wavy in old caps, inrolled in young ones.
Hymenophore
Soapy knight
Gilled hymenophore — the gills are notched (sinuate) where they attach to the stem, moderately crowded, fleshy. When young they are whitish, becoming with age creamy-grayish, often turning pink when damaged. Spore print white.
Charbonnier
Gilled hymenophore — the gills are notched (sinuate) where they attach to the stem, moderately crowded, fleshy. When young they are whitish with a faint yellowish tinge, becoming with age creamy-yellowish, especially toward the edge. The yellowish tone of the gills is a diagnostic feature. Spore print white.
Stem
Soapy knight
Stem 5-10 cm tall, 1-2.5 cm thick, firm, cylindrical, thickening toward the base when young. Color: whitish to grayish; pinkish-red spots often appear when damaged — a diagnostic feature. Surface smooth with lengthwise fibers. No ring.
Charbonnier
Stem 5-10 cm tall, 1.5-2.5 cm thick, firm, fleshy, cylindrical. Color: whitish with a characteristic yellowish tinge, especially toward the base. Surface smooth with fine lengthwise fibers. No ring.
Flesh
Soapy knight
Flesh firm, white, develops pinkish-red spots when cut or pressed, especially in the lower part of the stem — a characteristic reaction and an important diagnostic. Smell distinctly soapy (laundry soap), taste soapy-bitterish, unpleasant.
Charbonnier
Flesh firm, white in the cap, white with a yellowish tinge in the stem. Does not change color when cut — it does not turn pink (unlike T. saponaceum) and does not darken. Smell distinctly mealy-cucumber, taste mild, pleasantly mushroomy with a hint of flour, no bitterness.
Smell
Soapy knight
Distinctly soapy — reminiscent of laundry or toilet soap. A diagnostic feature, especially clear when cut and in mature fruiting bodies.
Charbonnier
A distinct, pleasant mealy-cucumber smell — like freshly ground flour with a note of fresh cucumbers. A diagnostic feature, clear when you cut it.
📍 Habitats
Soapy knight
Charbonnier
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Charbonnier and Soapy knight be mixed up?
How to tell Charbonnier from Soapy knight?
Is Soapy knight edible?
When do Charbonnier and Soapy knight grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine