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Woolly milk cap or Ugly milk cap

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Woolly milk cap and Ugly milk cap are similar species: Woolly milk cap is conditionally edible, while Ugly milk cap is inedible. The main visible difference: use: Woolly milk cap — salting, pickling, Ugly milk cap — not eaten. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap surface.

Ugly milk cap (Lactarius turpis) from the side: dark cap, cream gills with brown spots and a short olive-yellow stem

Ugly milk cap

Lactarius turpis

InedibleExpert-verified
Woolly milk cap (Lactarius torminosus)

Woolly milk cap

Lactarius torminosus

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Ugly milk cap and Woolly milk cap
Edibility class

Ugly milk cap

Inedible

Woolly milk cap

Conditionally edible
Season

Ugly milk cap

SummerAutumn

Woolly milk cap

SummerAutumn
Use

Ugly milk cap

Not eaten

Woolly milk cap

SaltingPickling
Size

Ugly milk cap

Large (over 15 cm)

Woolly milk cap

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Ugly milk cap

OliveBlackDark brown

Woolly milk cap

PinkRedOrange
Cap shape

Ugly milk cap

Funnel-shaped

Woolly milk cap

Funnel-shaped
Cap surface

Ugly milk cap

Slimy

Woolly milk cap

Fibrous
Taste

Ugly milk cap

Acrid

Woolly milk cap

Acrid
Smell

Ugly milk cap

Odorless

Woolly milk cap

Pleasant
Flesh color change

Ugly milk cap

Darkens

Woolly milk cap

No change
Hymenophore

Ugly milk cap

Gilled

Woolly milk cap

Gilled
Stem

Ugly milk cap

Central

Woolly milk cap

Central
Ring (veil)

Ugly milk cap

No ring

Woolly milk cap

No ring
Volva

Ugly milk cap

No volva

Woolly milk cap

No volva
Substrate

Ugly milk cap

Soil

Woolly milk cap

Soil
Nutrition type

Ugly milk cap

Mycorrhizal

Woolly milk cap

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Ugly milk cap

Birch

Woolly milk cap

Birch

📅 Seasonality

Ugly milk cap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Woolly milk cap

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Ugly milk cap

Cap 6–15 (up to 20) cm — a large, fleshy milk cap. At first convex with an inrolled, fuzzy margin, then flattened and finally funnel-shaped with a sunken center. Color dark olive, olive-black or brownish-black; young caps have a yellow-green tinge, old ones are almost black. In wet weather the surface is very sticky and slimy; in dry weather it is shiny, with darker concentric zones. The cap margin is densely downy in young specimens.

Woolly milk cap

Cap 4-12 cm, convex with a depressed center at first, then funnel-shaped. Pink, brick-pink to brick-red, with distinct darker concentric zones. The margin is inrolled, with a characteristic fluffy (downy) edge — hence the name “woolly.”

Hymenophore

Ugly milk cap

Gills. The gills are crowded, narrow, adnate or slightly decurrent. Color pale yellow to cream, taking on a dark olive tinge with age. When damaged they darken to brown or black — a characteristic reaction. They exude white milk. Spore print cream.

Woolly milk cap

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, narrow, adnate or slightly decurrent down the stem. Whitish or with a pinkish tint, turning cream with age. Spore print creamy-white.

Stem

Ugly milk cap

Stem 3–8 cm tall, 1–3 cm thick, cylindrical or thickening toward the base, solid when young, often hollow in mature specimens. Paler than the cap — olive-yellow to dingy olive, often with characteristic dark “scrobicules” (sunken pits). The surface is also sticky in wet weather; no ring and no volva.

Woolly milk cap

Stem 4-6 cm tall, 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical, hollow inside. Same color as the cap or slightly paler. Surface smooth, with no ring and no volva.

Flesh

Ugly milk cap

Flesh whitish to yellowish, firm, slowly darkening to gray-brown when cut. When damaged it exudes plenty of white milk that does not change color in the air but leaves dark stains on the mushroom’s tissue. The reaction with alkali (KOH) is violet-black, which is also a diagnostic feature.

Woolly milk cap

The flesh is white and firm, releasing abundant white milk when damaged. The milk doesn't change color in the air. When cut, the flesh itself doesn't darken or turn yellow either.

Smell

Ugly milk cap

Smell faint, neutral, slightly resinous. Old specimens can smell dirty and earthy. The taste of the raw flesh and milk is extremely acrid, bitter and hot. Do not taste it raw.

Woolly milk cap

Faint mushroomy smell, slightly resinous. Raw flesh tastes acrid, sharp, with peppery notes. Don't taste it raw — it causes blisters on the tongue.

📍 Habitats

Ugly milk cap

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Woolly milk cap

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Woolly milk cap and Ugly milk cap be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The use, size, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Woolly milk cap from Ugly milk cap?
The main differences: use: Woolly milk cap — salting, pickling, Ugly milk cap — not eaten; size: Woolly milk cap — medium (5–15 cm), Ugly milk cap — large (over 15 cm); cap color: Woolly milk cap — pink, red, orange, Ugly milk cap — olive, black, dark brown. As for edibility: Woolly milk cap is conditionally edible, Ugly milk cap is inedible. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Ugly milk cap edible?
Ugly milk cap — inedible.
When do Woolly milk cap and Ugly milk cap grow?
Woolly milk cap — August–October; Ugly milk cap — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine