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Bare-toothed russula or Charcoal burner

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Bare-toothed russula and Charcoal burner are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: cap color: Bare-toothed russula — pink, red, cream, Charcoal burner — violet, olive, brown. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: flesh color change, partner trees.

Bare-toothed russula (Russula vesca)

Bare-toothed russula

Russula vesca

EdibleExpert-verified
Charcoal burner (Russula cyanoxantha)

Charcoal burner

Russula cyanoxantha

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Bare-toothed russula and Charcoal burner
Edibility class

Bare-toothed russula

Edible

Charcoal burner

Edible
Season

Bare-toothed russula

SummerAutumn

Charcoal burner

SummerAutumn
Use

Bare-toothed russula

Cook freshPicklingDrying

Charcoal burner

Cook freshPicklingDrying
Size

Bare-toothed russula

Medium (5–15 cm)

Charcoal burner

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Bare-toothed russula

PinkRedCream

Charcoal burner

VioletOliveBrown
Cap shape

Bare-toothed russula

Depressed

Charcoal burner

Depressed
Cap surface

Bare-toothed russula

Smooth

Charcoal burner

Smooth
Taste

Bare-toothed russula

Mild

Charcoal burner

Mild
Smell

Bare-toothed russula

Pleasant

Charcoal burner

Pleasant
Flesh color change

Bare-toothed russula

Reddening

Charcoal burner

No change
Hymenophore

Bare-toothed russula

Gilled

Charcoal burner

Gilled
Stem

Bare-toothed russula

Central

Charcoal burner

Central
Ring (veil)

Bare-toothed russula

No ring

Charcoal burner

No ring
Volva

Bare-toothed russula

No volva

Charcoal burner

No volva
Substrate

Bare-toothed russula

Soil

Charcoal burner

Soil
Nutrition type

Bare-toothed russula

Mycorrhizal

Charcoal burner

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Bare-toothed russula

OakBeechBirchHornbeam

Charcoal burner

BeechOakHornbeamBirchSpruce

📅 Seasonality

Bare-toothed russula

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

Charcoal burner

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Bare-toothed russula

Cap 5-10 cm across, when young convex with an inrolled margin, with age becoming flattened with a slightly depressed center. The cap skin is smooth, slimy-sticky in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather, peels back 1/3-2/3 of the way to the center, distinctly shorter than the gill edges (the telltale trait — a "toothed fringe" visible from under the skin). Color: flesh-pink, skin-pink, wine-reddish-cream, with an ochre-cream tinge toward the margin, deeper at the center. Old fruiting bodies are creamy ochre-pink and faded.

Charcoal burner

Cap 5-15 cm across, when young hemispherical, with age becoming flattened with a slightly depressed center. The cap skin is smooth, slimy in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather, peeling 2/3 of the way to the center. Color very variable — violet-blue, green-gray, olive-violet, brownish violet with yellow patches. In a single cluster of fruiting bodies you'll often see caps in different shades. Deeper in the center, paler toward the margin, with fine radial grooves.

Hymenophore

Bare-toothed russula

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are attached or free from the stem, moderately crowded, thin, brittle. Color: pure white to creamy white, with no pink or yellow tinge. Spore print white.

Charcoal burner

Gilled hymenophore — gills adnate or free from the stem, partly forked near the stem, moderately crowded. UNIQUE FEATURE: the gills are flexible and springy and don't break when pressed — run your finger over them and they bend and spring back (unlike all other brittlegills, whose gills are brittle and crumbly). Color pure white to creamy white. Spore print white.

Stem

Bare-toothed russula

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick, firm, fleshy, cylindrical, with a small cavity in old specimens. Color: white to cream, often with a faint pink or rusty tinge where damaged, with fine browning spots toward the base. Surface smooth with fine lengthwise wrinkles. No ring, no volva — the crucial difference from amanitas.

Charcoal burner

Stem 5-10 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick, firm, fleshy, cylindrical, with a small cavity in old specimens. Color white to cream, sometimes with a faint violet tinge toward the base. Surface smooth with fine lengthwise wrinkles. No ring, no volva.

Flesh

Bare-toothed russula

Flesh firm, brittle, white, when damaged slowly takes on a pale pink or cream tinge. Smell faint, pleasant, mushroomy-fruity, taste mild, sweetish and nutty (the tongue test confirms it — no burning at all).

Charcoal burner

Flesh firm, fleshy, pure white, does not change color when cut — a characteristic of the species. Smell faint, pleasant, fruity-mushroomy, taste mild, sweetish and nutty, with no bitterness or acridity.

Smell

Bare-toothed russula

Faint, pleasant, fruity-mushroomy, neutral.

Charcoal burner

Faint, pleasant, fruity-mushroomy, neutral.

📍 Habitats

Bare-toothed russula

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Charcoal burner

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Bare-toothed russula and Charcoal burner be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The cap color, flesh color change, partner trees help tell them apart.
How to tell Bare-toothed russula from Charcoal burner?
The main differences: cap color: Bare-toothed russula — pink, red, cream, Charcoal burner — violet, olive, brown; flesh color change: Bare-toothed russula — reddening, Charcoal burner — no change; partner trees: Bare-toothed russula — oak, beech, birch, hornbeam, Charcoal burner — beech, oak, hornbeam, birch, spruce. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Charcoal burner edible?
Charcoal burner — edible.
When do Bare-toothed russula and Charcoal burner grow?
Bare-toothed russula — July–October; Charcoal burner — July–October. Their seasons overlap, so be especially careful.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine