Support MycoNote →

MycoNote

How to tell Horse mushroom from Garland roundhead

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Garland roundhead(Stropharia coronilla)

The short answer

Horse mushroom and Garland roundhead look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Horse mushroom is edible, while Garland roundhead is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Horse mushroom — summer, autumn, Garland roundhead — spring, summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap color. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis): young specimen with a rounded white cap on moss among grass

Horse mushroom

Agaricus arvensis

EdibleExpert-verified
Garland roundhead in grass seen from below: lilac-grey gills, a white stem with a ring and the yellow cap edge

Garland roundhead

Stropharia coronilla

PoisonousNot reviewed by an editor

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Horse mushroom and Garland roundhead
⚠ Edibility class

Horse mushroom

Edible

Garland roundhead

Poisonous
⚠ Season

Horse mushroom

SummerAutumn

Garland roundhead

SpringSummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Horse mushroom

Cook freshDryingPickling

Garland roundhead

Not eaten
⚠ Size

Horse mushroom

Large (over 15 cm)

Garland roundhead

Small (up to 5 cm)
⚠ Cap color

Horse mushroom

WhiteCream

Garland roundhead

YellowPale yellow
⚠ Cap shape

Horse mushroom

Convex

Garland roundhead

ConvexFlat
⚠ Cap surface

Horse mushroom

Smooth

Garland roundhead

SmoothSlimy
Taste

Horse mushroom

Mild

Garland roundhead

Mild
⚠ Smell

Horse mushroom

PleasantAniseAlmond

Garland roundhead

Radish-likeNeutral
⚠ Flesh color change

Horse mushroom

Yellowing

Garland roundhead

No change
Hymenophore

Horse mushroom

Gilled

Garland roundhead

Gilled
Stem

Horse mushroom

Central

Garland roundhead

Central
Ring (veil)

Horse mushroom

Ring present

Garland roundhead

Ring present
Volva

Horse mushroom

No volva

Garland roundhead

No volva
⚠ Substrate

Horse mushroom

SoilDung

Garland roundhead

Soil
Nutrition type

Horse mushroom

Saprotroph

Garland roundhead

Saprotroph

📅 Seasonality

Horse mushroom

Fruiting season

June – November

Garland roundhead

Fruiting season

May – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Horse mushroom

The cap is 6-20 cm across; in young mushrooms it's firmly hemispherical to egg-shaped, often with the margin rolled under, later becoming convex to flat. The color is pure white to cream, with subtle yellowish tints in old mushrooms; it stains yellow to ocher when touched. The surface is smooth, slightly sticky in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather, sometimes with fine fibrous scales in the center.

Garland roundhead

The cap is small, 2 to 5 cm across and only rarely up to 8 cm. It starts out hemispherical, becomes convex and finally almost flat, and in old specimens the margin may turn upwards.

The colour is lemon yellow, golden or ochre, a little darker in the centre, and it fades to pale yellow with age and sun. The surface is smooth and slightly sticky or greasy in wet weather, but it dries quickly, and old or dried-out caps can become finely scaly. Young caps often have white scraps of veil hanging from the margin.

Hymenophore

Horse mushroom

The gills are free and crowded, grayish-white with a pinkish tinge when young, becoming dark brown to chocolate-blackish with age. The spore print is dark brown.

Garland roundhead

The gills are attached to the stem and crowded, with many shorter gills in between. They begin pale lilac-grey, turn purplish grey and end up dark purple-brown to almost black. The gill edges are paler and look slightly fluffy. The gills are the quickest way to rule out an Agaricus: field mushrooms have free gills that are pink when young.

The spore print is dark purple-brown to blackish. The spores are smooth and ellipsoid, roughly 7–10 × 4–5.5 µm.

Stem

Horse mushroom

The stem is 6-12 cm tall and 1.5-3 cm thick, stout, fleshy and cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base, and white to cream. Near the top is a large membranous double ring with a characteristic "toothed" lower edge (like a cogwheel), a key feature of the species.

Garland roundhead

The stem is short and sturdy, 2 to 6 cm tall and 4 to 10 mm thick. It is white, sometimes yellowing with age, smooth or faintly fibrous, solid at first and later hollow. White strands of mycelium are often visible at the base.

The ring is the key feature. It is membranous, white and sits on the upper half of the stem, and it stays put as the mushroom ages. Its upper side is finely grooved, and as the cap matures the falling spores settle on it and darken it to purple-brown. There is no volva at the base.

Flesh

Horse mushroom

The flesh is firm, meaty and white; when cut, it slowly yellows in the cap and upper stem. It does not redden (unlike A. silvaticus). The smell is distinctly anise-almond, a characteristic feature of the species.

Garland roundhead

The flesh is white and firm, thick in the centre of the cap and thinner towards the edge. It doesn't change colour when cut or broken. The taste is mild, not bitter.

Smell

Horse mushroom

Distinctly anise-almond and fruity, and this is the most telling feature. Rub the flesh between your fingers to bring it out. It's one of the most pleasant smells you'll come across while foraging.

Garland roundhead

The smell is faint and slightly radishy, and sometimes barely there at all. Field guides don't describe a mealy smell for this species: that belongs to its dung-loving relative, the dung roundhead. So smell won't identify it; check the gills and the ring instead.

📍 Habitats

Horse mushroom

Garland roundhead

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Horse mushroom and Garland roundhead be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Garland roundhead is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, size.
How to tell Horse mushroom from Garland roundhead?
The main differences: season: Horse mushroom — summer, autumn, Garland roundhead — spring, summer, autumn; use: Horse mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling, Garland roundhead — not eaten; size: Horse mushroom — large (over 15 cm), Garland roundhead — small (up to 5 cm). As for edibility: Horse mushroom is edible, Garland roundhead is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Horse mushroom or Garland roundhead?
More dangerous: Garland roundhead, which is poisonous. Horse mushroom is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Garland roundhead edible?
Garland roundhead — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Horse mushroom and Garland roundhead grow?
Horse mushroom — June–November; Garland roundhead — May–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine
  • [7]First Nature, Pat O'Reilly
  • [8]MushroomExpert.com, Michael Kuo
  • [9]Wikipedia (English)
  • [10]Википедия (русская)
  • [11]Wikipedia (polska)
  • [12]MykoWeb, California Fungi: Stropharia coronilla
  • [13]MykoWeb, Toxic Fungi of Western North America: Stropharia coronilla
  • [14]Thomas H.W., Mitchel D.H., Rumack B.H. Poisoning from the mushroom Stropharia coronilla. J. Ark. Med. Soc., 1977, 73: 311–312, Thomas H.W., Mitchel D.H., Rumack B.H. (1977)
  • [15]Stijve T., Kuyper T.W. Occurrence of psilocybin in various higher fungi from several European countries. Planta Medica, 1985, 51: 385–387, Stijve T., Kuyper T.W. (1985)
  • [16]Prylutskyi O. et al. Reference-based checklist of gilled Agaricales from Ukraine. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2023, 11: e99101, Prylutskyi O. et al. (2023)
  • [17]Гриби України (gribi.net.ua): Строфарія корончаста
  • [18]Михаил Вишневский: Строфария увенчанная
  • [19]Via Gallica: les odeurs des strophaires