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Horse mushroom or Macro mushroom

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Horse mushroom and Macro mushroom are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Horse mushroom — summer, autumn, Macro mushroom — spring, summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap shape.

Horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis)

Horse mushroom

Agaricus arvensis

EdibleExpert-verified
Macro mushroom (Agaricus crocodilinus)

Macro mushroom

Agaricus urinascens

EdibleNot reviewed by an editor

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Horse mushroom and Macro mushroom
Edibility class

Horse mushroom

Edible

Macro mushroom

Edible
Season

Horse mushroom

SummerAutumn

Macro mushroom

SpringSummerAutumn
Use

Horse mushroom

Cook freshDryingPickling

Macro mushroom

Cook freshDrying
Size

Horse mushroom

Large (over 15 cm)

Macro mushroom

Large (over 15 cm)Giant (>25 cm)
Cap color

Horse mushroom

WhiteCream

Macro mushroom

WhiteCream
Cap shape

Horse mushroom

Convex

Macro mushroom

ConvexFlat
Cap surface

Horse mushroom

Smooth

Macro mushroom

CrackedScaly
Taste

Horse mushroom

Mild

Macro mushroom

Mild
Smell

Horse mushroom

PleasantAniseAlmond

Macro mushroom

Anise
Flesh color change

Horse mushroom

Yellowing

Macro mushroom

Yellowing
Hymenophore

Horse mushroom

Gilled

Macro mushroom

Gilled
Stem

Horse mushroom

Central

Macro mushroom

Central
Ring (veil)

Horse mushroom

Ring present

Macro mushroom

Ring present
Volva

Horse mushroom

No volva

Macro mushroom

No volva
Substrate

Horse mushroom

SoilDung

Macro mushroom

Soil
Nutrition type

Horse mushroom

Saprotroph

Macro mushroom

Saprotroph

📅 Seasonality

Horse mushroom

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

June – November

Macro mushroom

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

May – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Horse mushroom

Cap 6-20 cm across; in young mushrooms firmly hemispherical to egg-shaped, the margin often rolled under. Later it becomes convex to flat. Color pure white to cream, with subtle yellowish tints in old mushrooms; spots yellow to ocher when touched. Surface smooth, slightly sticky in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather. Sometimes with fine fibrous scales in the center.

Macro mushroom

The cap of the macro mushroom is very large — from 8 to 20, and in mature specimens up to 30–40 centimeters in diameter. When young it is almost spherical, with a thick, inrolled margin; with age it opens out to convex and flat. The surface is white or cream, dry; smooth in young mushrooms, but with age it cracks into coarse, plate-like scales reminiscent of crocodile skin. It slowly turns yellow when touched.

Hymenophore

Horse mushroom

Gilled hymenophore — gills free, crowded. When young — grayish-white, with a pinkish tinge, becoming with age dark brown, chocolate-blackish. Spore print dark brown.

Macro mushroom

The hymenophore is gilled. The gills are free and very crowded. Their color changes with age: in young mushrooms they are pale pink or grayish pink, then darken to chocolate brown and blackish brown. The spore print is dark brown; the spores are noticeably large, which is exactly what the common name refers to. The pinkish young gills set this Agaricus apart from the white-gilled poisonous amanitas.

Stem

Horse mushroom

Stem 6-12 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick, thick, fleshy, cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base. Color white to cream. On the upper part — a large membranous double ring with a characteristic "toothed" lower edge (like a cogwheel) — a diagnostic feature of the species.

Macro mushroom

The stem is massive, thick, firm and white, 5 to 12 centimeters tall, often shorter than the cap is wide, with a thickened base. In the upper part there is a large, firm, whitish ring. The stem may turn yellow when touched. There is no volva at the base — an important difference from the poisonous amanitas.

Flesh

Horse mushroom

Flesh firm, meaty, white; when cut it slowly yellows in the flesh of the cap and upper stem. Does not redden (unlike A. silvaticus). The smell is a distinct anise-almond — a characteristic feature of the species.

Macro mushroom

The flesh is white, thick and firm; when cut, it slowly turns yellow or pinkish, especially at the base of the stem. The taste is mild and pleasant, with a nutty note. It has a distinct aniseed-almond scent that lingers even during cooking. Because even young mushrooms tend to be wormy, check them carefully.

Smell

Horse mushroom

Distinctly anise-almond, fruity — the most characteristic diagnostic sign. It comes out when you rub the flesh between your fingers. This smell is one of the most pleasant mushroom experiences in field foraging.

Macro mushroom

The smell is strong and pleasant, aniseed-almond — one of the defining features of the species. If, however, the mushroom smells of ink or carbolic and the stem base turns bright yellow, it is the poisonous yellow stainer, and you must not take it.

📍 Habitats

Horse mushroom

Deciduous forest

Macro mushroom

MeadowField

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Horse mushroom and Macro mushroom be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The season, use, size help tell them apart.
How to tell Horse mushroom from Macro mushroom?
The main differences: season: Horse mushroom — summer, autumn, Macro mushroom — spring, summer, autumn; use: Horse mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling, Macro mushroom — cook fresh, drying; size: Horse mushroom — large (over 15 cm), Macro mushroom — large (over 15 cm), giant (>25 cm). The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Macro mushroom edible?
Macro mushroom — edible.
When do Horse mushroom and Macro mushroom grow?
Horse mushroom — June–November; Macro mushroom — May–October.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine